Make a Glowing Ice Sphere Using Ice

Make a Glowing Ice Sphere Using Ice There are a couple of various ways you can make a non-poisonous shining ice circle. You can even make a sparkling precious stone ball that you can drift in a bowl of punch to drink. Shining Ice Sphere Materials The most significant thing for this undertaking is a form that you can use to make a circle of ice. You can utilize a plastic snap-together ball, implied for making your own vacation adornments or you can fill any half of the globe compartments to assemble two parts of a circle. Search for ice block plate that make adjusted ice, little dishes, enormous estimating spoons, melon hotshot, and so forth. Plastic and metal compartments function admirably; dont utilize any holder produced using slender glass, since it might break when you are freezing the ice. Step by step instructions to Make Water Glow for the Ice You have a couple of various approaches to make your ice sparkle. Tonic Water - BlueTonic water shines blue when it is presented to a dark light because of the fluorescence of quinine, the fixing which gives tonic water its trademark flavor. You can freeze tonic water and make you happy circle in a punchbowl. This sort of gleaming ice is totally sheltered to eat or drink. Highlighter Water - Any ColorIf you press the ink from a non-poisonous fluorescent highlighter pen into water and empty it into a shape, you can get a cold circle that gleams brilliantly under a dark light. In spite of the fact that the ice is non-harmful, it isnt great to eat or drink. Use highlighter ink when you need a wide choice of hues or need splendidly gleaming ice. Sparkling Ice - Greenish YellowIf you blend a little non-harmful gleaming paint into some water and make an ice circle, you will have an ice ball that shines in obscurity for an all-inclusive timeframe. This kind of ice makes an extraordinary snowball. Shave the ice or slush it up in a blender, pack it into a s nowball shape, open it to a brilliant light, at that point kill the lights and have a snowball battle in obscurity. Watch a YouTube video instructional exercise telling the best way to make a gleaming ice ball and see what they resemble.

Immigration and Immigration Policy Today Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Add Animated Speech Bubbles To Your Photos

Add Animated Speech Bubbles To Your Photos Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!Add Animated Speech Bubbles To Your PhotosUpdated On 23/04/2017Author : Pradeep KumarTopic : WebsitesShort URL : http://hbb.me/2ozh1FT CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogCan Pictures talk? I guess it is not possible. But it can express something. But using this cool feature in Bubble Snaps, we can do more than that. All of us, I guess, like comics, the way one characters speech or chatter is express in the form of callouts. For imagination one type of callout and for shouting one type of callout. You think only Cartoonists and skilled artists do it. Think once again. This feature from Bubble Snaps creates you a picture similar to the comics style. Once character can express his/her imagination or speech through Callouts. You can let your pictures do the talking. This is the tagline of Bubble Snaps. You can use your wild imagination in this website and create interesting and creative images. You can check a demo picture created by me using Bubble Snaps !Photo created using Bubble SnapsYou can also create a similar picture and with more bubbles! Like Albert Einstein says, Imagination is more important than Knowledge. So extend your imagination to the maximum extent and create wild pictures.How can I create a Similar Photo ?Go to Bubble Snaps. If you are willing you can become a member and create one or continue without becoming. Creating a Bubble Snap involves three steps.Step 1 : Upload Your Image There are two ways to upload your image. You can directly upload your image from your computer or you can upload the images from your Flickr account. The images should be in JPEG format and let the resolution be around  640480 pixels.    The smaller your image file size, the less time it will take you to upload it.READ15+ Best In-Text Advertising Programs ComparedStep 2 : Add Your Bubble CaptionsAfter uploading the Photo, you can insert the Bubble Captions wherever you want in the photos. There are two options for Bubbles. They are Think Bubble and Speak Bubble. After inserting your desired Bubble. Select the option Finish.Step 3 : Review and SendAfter creating a Cool Bubble Snap, now it is time to own it. You have to enter your email address, if you are not a member. Then after that you will receive the photo in your mail. Feeling bored to do this? Then take a printscreen shot of it and paste it in MS Paint.:D You also have the option to blog that photo and send it to your friends.So, why waiting, start creating funny Bubble Snaps! Let your imagination run wild! Check Bubble Snaps now.Other Useful Online Free Tools For Creating Designs : Create Twitter Mosaic Of Your Twitter Friends and FollowersHOW TO: Create Cool Photo Collages Online EasilyCreate Beautiful Word Clouds using ImageChef

Economic Development of Bangladesh - 4859 Words

Economic Development of Bangladesh Economy of Bangladesh Economic Position in World: The economy of Bangladesh is a rapidly developing market-based economy. Its per capita income in 2010 was est. US$1,700 (adjusted by purchasing power parity). According to the International Monetary Fund, Bangladesh ranked as the 43rd largest economy in the world in 2010 in PPP terms and 57th largest in nominal terms, among the Next Eleven or N-11 of Goldman Sachs and D-8 economies, with a gross domestic product of US$269.3 billion in PPP terms and US$104.9 billion in nominal terms. Growth rate and Economic Sectors: The economy has grown at the rate of 6-7% per annum over the past few years. More than half of the GDP is generated by†¦show more content†¦The service sector has expanded rapidly during last two decades and the countrys industrial base remains very positive. The countrys main endowments include its vast human resource base, rich agricultural land, relatively abundant water, and substantial reserves of natural gas, with the blessing of possessing the worlds only natural sea ports in Mongla and Chittagong, in addition to being the only central port linking two large burgeoning economic hub groups SAARC and ASEAN. Economic history of Bangladesh After its independence from Pakistan, Bangladesh followed a socialist economy by nationalizing all industries, proving to be a critical blunder undertaken by Awami Leagues Mujib Government following Indias policy.Between December 1971 and January 1972, India committed US$232 million in aid to Bangladesh from the politco-economic aid India received from the USA and USSR. Official amount of disbursement yet undisclosed. After 1975, Bangladeshi leaders began to turn their attention to developing new industrial capacity and rehabilitating its economy. The static economic model adopted by these early leaders, however—including the nationalization of much of the industrial sector—resulted in inefficiency and economic stagnation. Beginning in late 1975, the government gradually gave greater scope to private sector participation in the economy, a pattern that has continued. Many state-owned enterprises have been privatized, likeShow MoreRelatedThe Economic Development Of Bangladesh1710 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Bangladesh is a developing country nevertheless the present day progress of this country is remarkable. According to World Bank’s development indicators, Bangladesh ranked 44th in the world economy. In spite of its economic progress, poverty remains a curse. By looking at the poverty headcount ratio of 43.3% as of 2010, we can still notice that most of the people are living under poverty line. Furthermore, the economic development of our country comes with an additional cost that isRead MoreThe Role of Entrepreneurship in Economic Development in Bangladesh4090 Words   |  17 PagesThe Role of Entrepreneurship in Economic Development The entrepreneurs with their ability to scan, analyze and identify opportunities in the environment transform them into business proposition through creation of economic entities. Entrepreneurship and economic development are intimately related. So, that entrepreneurial process is a major factor in economic development and the entrepreneur is the key to economic growth. Whatever be the form of economic and political set-up of the country, entrepreneurshipRead MoreThe Role of Financial Institutions in the Economic Development of Bangladesh11088 Words   |  45 PagesFinancial Institution In financial economics, a financial institution is an institution that provides financial services for its clients or members. Probably the most important financial service provided by financial institutions is acting as financial intermediaries. Most financial institutions are highly regulated by government. Broadly speaking, there are three major types of financial institutions: 1. Deposit-taking institutions that accept and manage deposits and make loans, including banksRead MoreThe Role Of Investment Bank For Developing Economic Development Of Bangladesh Essay1734 Words   |  7 Pagesfor developing the economic development of Bangladesh After analyzing different websites and web journal that we found we can say that in the following way Investment Bank is playing an important role for the economic development of Bangladesh. 5.1 Relationship with Investment Bank and GDP Gross domestic product is the national income which is the total value of produced goods and services in an economic year within a country. This rises indicate the economic development of a country. TheoreticallyRead MoreWomen Empowerment As A Notion Of Social Justice And Economic Development : Bangladesh Perspective1618 Words   |  7 PagesNotion of Social Justice and Economic Development: Bangladesh Perspective Abdul Alim and Mahmudul Hasanï‚ § ABSTRACT The issue of women’s empowerment has been growing for decades as a burning issue in South Asian countries, and this paper focuses especially on Bangladesh. Many laws and regulations have been made to combat the ideas and practices of depriving women of their rights. As a signatory of different international instruments approbating women’s empowerment Bangladesh is committed to playingRead MoreEmpowerment Of Women As A Notion Of Social Justice And Economic Development : Bangladesh Perspective1754 Words   |  8 PagesNotion of Social Justice and Economic Development: Bangladesh Perspective Abdul Alim and Mahmudul Hasanï‚ § ABSTRACT The issue of women’s empowerment has been growing for decades as a burning issue in South Asian countries, and this paper focuses especially on Bangladesh. Many laws and regulations have been made to combat the ideas and practices of depriving women of their rights. As a signatory of different international instruments approbating women’s empowerment Bangladesh is committed to playingRead MoreMultinational Company1144 Words   |  5 Pagesforeign private investment. | | List Of Multinational Companies In Bangladesh: | | | | | | | | | | 1.Runner Group of Companies Category: Business and Economy   Companies | | | 2. Multinational Zipper Manufacturing Company NEO Zipper Category: Business and Economy |  Multinational Companies | | | | 3.Maximus Mobile Phone Bangladesh Category: Business and Economy|  Mobile Phones | | 4.Nokia Bangladesh Category: Business and Economy  |  Mobile Phones | | 5.MAKS RenewableRead MoreIntroduction Of A Mobile Development Program1044 Words   |  5 PagesIntroducing Cluster Development Programme in Bangladesh Bangladesh is one of the most promising emerging economies in South Asia. The averaged GDP growth of the country is 6. 5% which has been largely driven by its exports, remittance and agricultural sectors. Recently, manufacturing industry and service sectors are growing rapidly and the involvement in farming is decreasing. Bangladesh has a lucrative opportunity to become one of the leading economic powers in Asia by properly utilising its cheapRead MoreThe Food, Agriculture And Economic Situation Of Bangladesh Essay1516 Words   |  7 Pagesfood, agriculture and economic situation of Bangladesh in some details. Although the country faces various problems in economic progress since the independent in 1971, in the last forty five years the increase of food production, economic development and poverty reduction of the country became remarkably. Bangladesh is a densely populated developing country in the southern Asia. The Government of Bangladesh is trying efficiently to reduce poverty of the country. In Bangladesh about 20% of the populationsRead MoreEssay on SOC 300 WEEK 9 Assignment 2 SOC 3001059 Words   |  5 Pagesperilous beginning, Bangladesh has attained notable advancements in economic and social development in about four decades. Since it won its independent in 1971 following a bloody war, many, in the international community were doubtful about the country’s long-term economic sustainability. Some observers predicted a state of continuing aid dependency, while others believed if a country with such enormous and innumerable development problems as Bangladesh could make strides in development, then possibly

Robert P. George Bases Essay - 2050 Words

Robert P. George bases his beliefs on that human beings are created within stages and that an embryo is the earliest stage a genetic human can reside in. He claims that since an embryo contains the same genetic constitution and characteristics of a human being, therefore an embryo is human and would not be lawful to eliminate or kill. Though an embryo is on an immature phase of development, it does not mean that there is no genetic relation to humans; â€Å"From conception onward, the human embryo is fully programmed, and has the active disposition, to develop himself or herself to the next mature stage of a human being† (Acorns). George believes that since the child is acting on its own interest to survive and maintain itself, then it is a complete or whole organism and should not be killed. According to George, couple A, B and C’s actions were acceptable because they did not prevent the life of an embryo and did not terminate anything that resembled unique and fortifi ed human DNA. With couple A, the choice of abstinence does not create a chance for an embryo to be aborted. Couple B uses contraception to prevent fertilization which again does not create a chance for the embryo to be aborted. Now couple C had sexual intercourse but since the women used the ‘morning after pill’, there was no fertilization and an embryo was not implanted in her uterus. These actions according to George are acceptable because no embryos were disrupted or harmed, only prevented from creating.Show MoreRelatedHistorical Development of Nursing Timeline Essay1246 Words   |  5 Pagesprostitution, and the waste of society (Anderson, 1981, p. 20). The first nursing school, the Deaconess School of Nursing at Kaiserwerth, Germany was established in 1836. Physicians instructed nursing students about bedside care and how to provide nursing care (Anderson, 1981). The development of nursing science is traced back to Florence Nightingale, whose initial study â€Å"Notes of Nursing† (1859) represents the first nursing theory (George, 2011). Nightingale supported her nursing experiencesRead MoreLeadership Theories And Qualities Of Leadership1537 Words   |  7 Pagesas well as the population they are serving. Parris and Peachey state â€Å"leadership is a skill used to influence followers in an organization to work enthusiastically towards goals specifically identified for the common good† (Parris Peachey, 2013, p. 377). The paradigm shift is occurring secondary to the public downfall in recent years of many high profile CEOs and executives who were caught engaging in unethical and illegal business practices for their own gain. Their loss of commitment to theRead MoreThe Legacy Of The Vietnam War967 Words   |  4 Pagessentiments. One of these events is the Tet Offensive, which occurred on January 30th, a campaign that targete d strategically important cites, all major US bases, and the Saigon embassy. While the losses were much heavier on the enemy side, the effects on the ARVN and the US army were more severe, with the realities of the war being exposed (Roark et al p. 841). Following this, President Johnson sharply cut back on bombing efforts, and added that he was not going to run for a second term. Another eventRead MoreThe Civil War Was A Tragedy Essay1504 Words   |  7 PagesGen. Pierre G.T. Beauregard of the Confederate, caused Major Robert Anderson to begin a war. Conflicts between the two sides changed America for good. It is still one of the most bloodiest and affecting wars to date. It all started when a missile stroke a shore. At 4:32 a.m., on April 12, 1861, a fort in Charleston, South Carolina, Fort Sumter, was bombed. Threats were made to Federal troops occupying forts in the South. Major Robert Anderson was with the Union and asked the War Department forRead MoreCultural Marxist George Lipsitz In The Possessive Investment1698 Words   |  7 PagesCultural Marxist George Lipsitz in The Possessive Investment in Whiteness: How White People Profit from Identity Politics consolidates both the structural theory of institutional racism and the political cultural ideology and conception of racism history in the context of political changes in the Untied States. Lipsitz is not the first historian to analyze critical racism theory, but he is the first to extend the analysis into the late twentieth century. Traditional historiographies of whitenessRead MoreThe Slave Ship J.M.W Turner1588 Words   |  7 PagesDeclare the Typhons coming. Before it sweeps your decks, throw overboard The dead and dying - neer heed their chains Hope, Hope, fallacious Hope! Where is thy market now? JMW Turner displayed this poem with his Slave Ship in 1812 Poem by Robert Bloomfield The Slave Ship painting by British Artist Turner is said to have been inspired by the practice of the late eighteenth century Atlantic slave traders who would throw the dead and dying slaves overboard in order to collect the insuranceRead MoreBattle of Antietam1281 Words   |  6 PagesMarx Bacungan Battle of Antietam Notes On September 17, 1862, Generals Robert E. Lee and George McClellan faced off near Antietam creek in Sharpsburg, Maryland, in the the first battle of the American Civil War to be fought on northern soil. [1] Though the result of the battle was inconclusive, it  remains the bloodiest single day in American history, with  more than 22,000 casualties. [1] General Robert E. Lee advanced into Maryland, believing that the potential strategic and politicalRead MoreCapital Punishment: Treat People the Way You Want to Be Treated1437 Words   |  6 Pageshow they deal with the hardships of capital punishment. Structural-Functional Approach is based on seeing the world as a whole, while figuring out how it works together to operate. Within the Structural-Function Approach are subcategories created by Robert Merton. In Society: The Basics, the tenth edition, Macionis says that Merton determines that within a social function lie many more functions. One of these â€Å"other functions† is the Manifest function. The Manifest functions focuses on the intendedRead MoreThe Battle Of The Civil War Essay924 Words   |  4 Pagesnorthern Virginia. It was known that the Union had over 30,000 men under General Irvin McDowell’s control just outside of Washington. The Confederate, on the other hand, were located approximately thirty miles away at Manassas. The smaller army was under P. G. T. Beauregard. The first clash between the two happened on July 21, 1861, when General Irvin McDowell led his inexperienced army toward Manassas. Thus, the First Battle of Bull Run, or also called First Battle of Manassas, began. Toward the end ofRead MoreThe Importance Of A Sustainable Company, Robert G. E, Kathleen M. P. Essay1195 Words   |  5 Pages â€Æ' How to Become a Sustainable Company, Robert G. E, Kathleen M. P. George S. Management Review, Vol. 53, issue 4, 2012. About the article The article is focuses on sustainability of organizations and supporting concepts and principles. Acceptance and implementation of sustainability practices by organization have increased significantly globally over the last 2 decades. Application of sustainability practices have been witnessed in both governmental and private institutions, and non-governmental

Alexander Truly Great Essay - 1433 Words

Alexander, son of King Philip II of Macedon, is known as Alexander the Great. However, was he truly great? One may look at his many accomplishments to decide if he deserves the title. Sometimes character is the test of determining if a man is great. Alexander meets both standards with his philosophic background, conquering abilities, victories in battle, and outstanding accomplishments; therefore, he truly meets his title as Alexander the Great Alexander was born in 356 B.C. to King Philip II f Macedon, and Olympias, princess of Epirus. King Philip was one of Alexander’s main influences. Philip was a man of action: he built cities, navies, roads, armies, conquered Athens, and created the League of Corinth, which he treated fairly. At age†¦show more content†¦In his first major battle, The Battle of Granicus, Alexander was nearly killed when an axe spilt his helmet. Alexander was quick to conquer Sardis, a Persian city in Asia Minor, and the Ionian city-states, which h e freed from Persian control and installs a democratic government. Next, Alexander traveled to Gordium, where he untied, cut with his sword rather, the Gordian knot, making him ruler of Asia. This action was just one symbol of Alexander’s greatness. Alexander continued his conquering of Persia by taking over the Phoenician ports, making the Persian navy no longer powerful. Gaining control of Tyre was Alexander’s biggest challenge while taking the ports, but he achieved so by reaching the island with a rock path through the sea, another moment of Alexander’s greatness. When Alexander and his armyentered Egypt, they were welcomed, and Alexander was named Pharaoh. Alexander wanted a city named and designed after him to be built at the mouth of the Nile. This would be the first Macedonian trading and military colony here; however, he would never get to see Alexandria built. Later, the Great Library at Alexandria was founded by Ptomley, which held anywhere between 70 ,000 and 700,000 books. The Library held many records, but no longer exists, due to an unknown cause. Alexander was now ready to head east, further east than any conqueror had dared to travel. AlexanderShow MoreRelatedAlexander The Great Has Truly Shaped And Inspired The Entire World2294 Words   |  10 PagesAlexander the Great has truly shaped and inspired the entire world as one of the greatest and most successful military leaders in history. Alexander has influenced many writers, as he is included in the national literatures of some eighty countries. At the age of just thirty, Alexander had conquered what was known as oecumene (the inhabited world). Alexander the Great has become worldly recognized and lives on to this day as a modern hero who took on, conquered the world and spread Hellenic cultureRead MoreQ - Does Alexander the Great deserve to be called the Great?1510 Words   |  7 PagesThe greatness of Alexander III, as he was originally, has been disputed in the past. H is legend has survived for thousands of years, and his name is well-known, but just how great was he? In answering this question it is necessary to define the terms deserve and great. For these purposes, to deserve will mean to be worthy of. Great has many meanings, and will be defined as: important; grand; distinguished; remarkable in ability or character; competent; or above what is normal, with implied admirationRead MoreAlexander As A Man Of Greatness1434 Words   |  6 PagesAlexander III of Macedon also known as, Alexander the Great, made a name for himself many years ago but today his â€Å"greatness† is being questioned because of research conducted due to modern technology. In order for someone to be viewed as great, they would need lots of evidence supporting that they were a well-rounded person. I believe that alexander had rightfully earned this title because through my research I have only found evidence that Alexander was indeed a man of greatness. Although Ale xanderRead MoreAlexander the Great: Strenghts and Weaknesses as a Person, Statesman and Leader1357 Words   |  6 Pagescenturies, Alexander the Great has held an eminent place in history. Arguably one of the greatest men the world has ever known, the Macedonian King accomplished many great feats in his short, but glorious life. During his reign, Alexander played several roles in the process of conquering the Persian empire, and in the assessment of his character, aspects of Alexanders capabilities of both strengths and weaknesses must be explored in him as a person, a statesman and a leader. Alexander was a complexRead MoreAlexanders Vast Accomplishments as a Conquerer953 Words   |  4 Pagesare no set standards no checklist, to apply to a person, to determine it they are â€Å"great.† The simplest way that I could conceive to decide whether this title should apply to Alexander was to determine if he was, in some way, superior to the rulers that came before or after his reign. The most obvious place for me to start my consideration is with Alexander’s vast accomplishments as a conquerer. Alexander inherited an impressive military from his father and a stable kingdom; he also followedRead MoreAlexander the Great Essay 91181 Words   |  5 PagesAlexander the Great Alexander the Great was a king and conqueror. He is commonly referred to as â€Å"the most powerful leader of all time.† What is it that makes him such a powerful leader? What has he accomplished that has made him so significant? Were his accomplishments positive or negative? These are all questions that when combined as one create a debate that has been going on for decades. There are those who admire Alexander’s military achievements and ability to carve out the largest empireRead MoreAlexander IIi Of King Of Ancient Greece1147 Words   |  5 PagesAlexander III of Macedon or commonly known as Alexander the Great was a King of Ancient Greek kingdom Macedon and a member of the Argead dynasty. He spent most of his ruling years on an extraordinary military campaign through Asia and northeast Africa and by the time he was 30 he had created one of the largest empires of the Ancient world, stretching from Greece to Egypt and into northwest India. Alexander is thought to b e by most people as the greatest military command that ever lived however thisRead MoreAnalysis Of Alexander IIi The Great King Of Macedonia And Conqueror Of The Persian Empire1584 Words   |  7 Pageswon t taste good.† ~Joe Paterno. Alexander III the Great, King of Macedonia and conqueror of the Persian Empire is considered to be one of the best military geniuses of all times. He was inspiration for conquerors to come such as Hannibal, Napoleon, and Pompey along side Caesar. Alexander was born in 356 BC in Pella, the ancient capital of Macedonia.1 Alexander’s childhood had a major impact on his later life and his military strive. At a young age Alexander watched his father turn MacedoniaRead MoreCaesar, Hannibal, and Alexander the Great Essay1269 Words   |  6 PagesIt was the leadership of Caesar, Alexander, and Hannibal that heavily influenced the Roman society, the ancient world, and the western civilization. Ambition drove Alexander the Great to conquer the unconquered, propelled Caesar to the top of the political spectrum with no birthright, and helped Hannibal defeat a dominent society in the ancient world. It was Julius Caesars successful military tactics, his drive to the top of the political society, and his succession without the right, privilegeRead MoreAlexander The Great : Alexander The Great And The Persian Empire930 Words   |  4 PagesAlexander the Great was skilled and respected military leader. After inheriting the throne from his father, King Philip II, Alexander would go on to conquer the Persian Empire, unite Greece and spread Hellenistic views across Greece. Alexander being the so n of a king was born into royalty. In fact, he had the pleasure of having the great Aristotle as his teacher. It was Aristotle’s job to teach Alexander what he need to know in order to later conquer the Persian Empire and to teach him the importance

Womens Roles 2000 Essay Example For Students

Womens Roles 2000 Essay Womens Roles 2000Overall, the rights and status of women have improved considerably in the last century; however, gender equality has been threatened within the last two decades. Blatantly sexist laws and practices are slowly being eliminated while social perceptions of womens roles continue to stagnate and even degrade back to traditional ideals. It is these social perceptions that challenge the evolution of women as equal on all levels. In this study, I will argue that subtle and blatant sexism continues to exist throughout educational, professional and legal arenas. Women who carefully follow their expected roles may never recognize sexism as an oppressive force in their life. I find many parallels between womens experiences in the nineties and Betty Friedans, cofounder of the National Organization of Women, in her essay: The Way We Were 1949. She dealt with a society that expected women to fulfill certain roles. Those roles completely disregarded the needs of educated and motiva ted business women and scientific women. The subtle message that society gave was that the educated woman was actually selfish and evil. I remember in particular the searing effect on me, who once intended to be a psychologist, of a story in McCalls in December 1949 called A Weekend with Daddy. A little girl who lives a lonely life with her mother, divorced, an intellectual know-it-all psychologist, goes to the country to spend a weekend with her father and his new wife, who is wholesome, happy, and a good cook and gardener. And there is love and laughter and growing flowers and hot clams and a gourmet cheese omelet and square dancing, and she doesnt want to go home. But, pitying her poor mother typing away all by herself in the lonesome apartment, she keeps her guilty secret that from now on she will be living for the moments when she can escape to that dream home in the country where they know what life is all about. (Fetzer, 57) I have often consulted my grandparents about their experiences, and I find their historical perspective enlightening. My grandmother was pregnant with her third child in 1949. Her work experience included: interior design and modeling womens clothes for the Sears catalog. I asked her to read the Friedan essay and let me know if she felt as moved as I was, and to share with me her experiences of sexism. Her immediate reaction was to point out that, Betty Friedan was a college educated woman and she had certain goals that never interested me. My grandmother, though growing up during a time when women had few social rights, said she didnt experience oppressive sexism in her life. However, when she describes her life accomplishments, I feel she has spent most of her life fulfilling the expected roles of women instead of pursuing goals that were mostly reserved for men. Unknowingly, her life was controlled by traditional, sexist values prevalent in her time and still prevalent in the year 2000. Twenty-four years after the above article from McCalls magazine was written, the Supreme Court decided whether women should have a right to an abortion in Roe v. Wade (410 U.S. 113 (1973)). I believe the decision was made in favor of womens rights mostly because the court made a progressive decision to consider the woman as a human who may be motivated by other things in life than just being a mother. Justice Blackmun delivered the following opinion: Maternity, or additional offspring, may force upon the woman a distressful life and future. Psychological harm may be imminent. Mental and physical health may be taxed by child care. There is also a distress, for all concerned, associated with the unwanted child, and there is the problem of bringing a child into a family already unable, psychologically and otherwise, to care for it. In other cases, as in this one, the additional difficulties and continuing stigma of unwed motherhood may be involved. (Goldman, 205) I feel the court decisi on of Roe v. Wade would not have been made in 1949. Even in 1973, it was a progressive decision. The problem of abortion has existed for the entire history of this country (and beyond), but had never been addressed because discussing these issues was not socially acceptable. A culture of not discussing issues that have a profound impact on women is a culture that encourages women to be powerless. The right of abortion became a major issue. Before 1970, about a million abortions were done every year, of which only about ten thousand were legal. Perhaps a third of the women having illegal abortions mostly poor women had to be hospitalized for complications. How many thousands died as a result of these illegal abortions no one really knows. But the illegalization of abortion clearly worked against the poor, for the rich could manage either to have their baby or to have their abortion under safe conditions. (Zinn, 499) A critic of the womens movement would quickly remind us that women have a right to decline marriage and sex, and pursue their individual interests. However, I would argue that the social pressure women must endure if they do not conform to their expected role is unfair. The problem goes beyond social conformity and crosses into government intervention (or lack thereof). The 1980s saw the pendulum swing against the womens movement. Violent acts against women who sought abortions became common and the government was unsympathetic to the victims. There are parallels between the Southern Blacks civil rights movement and the womens movement: Blacks have long been accustomed to the white government being unsympathetic to violent acts against them. During the civil rights movement, legal action seemed only to come when a white civil rights activist was killed. Women are facing similar disregard presently, and their movement is truly one for civil rights. A national campaign by the National Organization of Women began on 2 March 1984, demanding that the U S Justice Department investigate anti-abortion terrorism. On 1 August federal authorities finally agreed to begin to monitor the violence. However, Federal Bureau of Investigation director, William Webster, declared that he saw no evidence of terrorism. Only on 3 January 1985, in a pro-forma statement, did the President criticize the series of bombings as violent anarchist acts, but he still refused to term the acts as terrorism. Reagan deferred to Moral Majoritarian Jerry Falwells subsequent campaign to have fifteen million Americans wear armbands on 22 January 1985, one for every legal abortion since 1973. Falwells anti-abortion outburst epitomized Reaganisms orientation: We can no longer passively and quietly wait for the Supreme Court to change their mind or for Congress to pass a law. Extremism on the right was no vice, moderation no virtue. Or, as Hitler explained in Mein Kamph, The very first essential for success is a perpetually constant and regular employment of violence. (Marable, 40-41) This mentality continued on through 1989 during the Webster v. Reproductive Health Services (109 S. Ct. 3040 (1989)) case. The Reagan Administration had urged the Supreme Court to use this case as the basis for overturning Roe v. Wade. (Goldman, 767) It is disturbing that the slow gains achieved by the womens movement are so volatile and endangered when conservative administrations gain a majority in government. To put the problem into perspective: a womans right to have an abortion in this country did not come until 1973. Less than two decades later, the president of the United States was pushing to take that right away. It seems blatant that society is bent on putting women in their places. From the above examples, it appears American culture prefers women as non-professional, non-intellectual, homemakers and mothers. This mentality is not easily resolved, because it is introduced at a young age. Alice Brooks experienced inequality on the basis of her race and her sex. In her autobiography, A Dream Deferred, she recalls the reaction of her father when she brought up the idea of college to him:I found a scholarship for veterans children and asked my father to sign and furnish proof that he was a veteran. He refused and told me that I was only going to get married and have babies. I needed to stay home and help my mother with her kids. My brother needed college to support a family. Not only was I not going to get any help, I was also tagged as selfish because I wanted to go to college. (Fetzer, 234) This is another example of women being labeled as selfish for wanting the same opportunities as men. Alice Brooks is seemingly a very courageous woman; having the ability to overcome any oppression she may encounter. She states that women who succeed in male dominated fields are never mediocre they are extraordinary achievers. Her insight encapsulates much of the subtle sexism that exists today. I feel that no one can truly be equal in a society w hen only the extraordinary achievers are allowed to succeed out of their expected social role. This attitude of rising blatant and subtle attacks on womens civil rights is further exemplified in recent reactions to affirmative action plans. These plans have been devised to try to give women and minorities an opportunity to participate in traditionally white male dominated areas. However, we see the same trends in legal action for the use of affirmative action plans as we saw in the 1980s backlash against the Roe v. Wade decision. A few interesting points were presented in the case, Johnson v. Transportation Agency, Santa Clara (480 U.S. 616 (1987)). Mr. Paul E. Johnson filed suit against the Santa Clara County Transportation Agency when he was denied a promotion, feeling the companys affirmative action plan denied him of his civil rights. Some interesting facts were presented in this case: Specifically, 9 of the 10 Para-Professionals and 110 of the 145 Office and Clerical Workers we re women. By contrast, women were only 2 of the 28 Officials and Administrators, 5 of the 58 Professionals, 12 of the 124 Technicians, none of the Skilled Crafts Workers, and 1 who was Joyce of the 110 Road Maintenance Workers. (Goldman, 784)The above statistics show women have been considerably underrepresented at the Santa Clara County Transportation Agency. These numbers are not uncommon and are found throughout business. It is interesting to note the current popular perception is that affirmative action precludes white males from finding employment with companies that implement these plans. The truth is in the numbers, however. The fact that Mr. Johnson felt he was denied his civil rights because an equally qualified woman was given a promotion, instead of him, is just a small window into the subtle sexism that exists today. Most critics of affirmative action do not consider the grossly unequal numbers of men in management and professional positions. Secondly, it never seems a n issue of debate that a woman may have had no other previous life opportunities in these male dominated areas. I do not intend to argue that affirmative action is good or bad, but only wish to point out that the current backlash against these programs is heavily rooted in sexism and racism. Often blatant violence or unfair acts against a group of people will cause that group to pull together and empower themselves against their oppressors. The womens movement has made large steps to eliminate many of these blatantly sexist acts in the last century. Now the real difficulty is upon us: subtle acts of sexism and the degrading social roles of women in todays conservative culture. Alice Brooks so eloquently described her experiences with inequality, stating, the worst pain came from those little things people said or did to me. (Fetzer, 236) As these little things accumulate in the experience of a young woman, she increasingly finds herself powerless in her relationships, employment, ec onomics, and society in general. The female child has as many goals as the male child, but statistically she is unable to realize these goals because of the obstacles that society sets in front of her. Society and media attempt to create an illusion that women have every right that men enjoy. However, women will never be equal until the day female scientists, intellectuals, professionals, military leaders, and politicians are just as accepted and encouraged to participate in all of societys arenas as males. BibliographyWorks Cited:Fetzer, Philip L. The Ethnic Moment, The Search For Equality In The American Experience. Forshadowing in A Good Man is Hard to Find EssayNew York: M.E. Sharpe, Inc., 1997. Goldman, Sheldon. Constitutional Law Cases ; Essays, Second Edition. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1991. Marable, Manning. Beyond Black ; White. New York: Verso, 1995. Zinn, Howard. A Peoples History of The United States. New York: HarperCollins Publishers,1980. Social Issues Essays