Programming :: Free Essay Writer

ProgrammingA program is a sequence of instructions that tells the hardware of a computing machine what operations to perform on data. Programs can be built into the hardware itself, or they may exist independently in a form cognize as software. In some specialized, or dedicated, computing devices the operating instructions are embedded in their circuitry common examples are the microcomputers found in calculators, wristwatches, automobile engines, and microwave oven ovens. A general-pur pose computer, on the other hand, contains some built-in programs (in ROM) or instructions (in the processor chip), but it depends on external programs to perform useful tasks. erst a computer has been programmed, it can do only as much or as little as the software controlling it at whatsoever given moment enables it to do. Software in widespread use includes a wide range of applications programs-instructions to the computer on how to perform various tasks. Languages. A computer must be given ins tructions in a language that it understands-that is, a particular pattern of binary digital information. On the earliest computers, programme was a difficult, laborious task, because vacuum-tube ON-OFF switches had to be set by hand. Teams of programmers often took days to program simple tasks such as sorting a list of names. Since that succession a number of computer languages have been devised, some with particular kinds of functioning in mind and others aimed more at ease of use-the user-friendly approach. Machine Language. Unfortunately, the computers possess binary-based language, or machine language, is difficult for humans to use. The programmer must input every command and all data in binary form, and a radical operation such as comparing the contents of a register to the data in a memory-chip location might look like this 11001010 00010111 11110101 00101011. Machine-language programming is such a tedious, time consuming, task that the time saved in running the program rarely justifies the days or weeks needed to write the program. prevarication Language. One method programmers devised to shorten and simplify the process is called assembly-language programming. By assigning a short (usually three-letter) mnemonic code to each machine-language command, assembly-language programs could be written and debugged-cleaned of logical system and data errors-in a fraction of the time needed by machine-language programmers. In assembly language, each mnemonic command and its symbolic operands equals one machine instruction. An assembler program translates the mnemonic opcodes (operation codes) and symbolic operands into binary language and executes the program.

Anne Sullivan Macy :: essays research papers

TeacherAnne Sullivan MacyBy Helen KellerYear of Publication 1955Anne Sullivan MacyAnne Sullivan Macy was born on April 4, 1866 in Feeding Hills, Massachusetts. Her parents were poor Irish immigrants. Anne had trouble with her eyes her whole life. When Anne was eight years old her mother died and two years later her spawn left. Annes younger sister went to live with relatives and Anne and her younger brother Jimmie were sent to the State Infirmary, the almshouse at Tewksbury. They were sent there because Anne was too blind to be expedient and Jimmie was lame with a tubercular hip. Jimmie died a few months later and Anne stayed there for four years.In October of 1880, when Anne was 14, she went to Perkins Institution and learned to read Braille. While she was there she had an surgical operation on her eyes which allowed her to read normally for a limited amount of time. She stayed at Perkins for six years and graduated valedictorian of her class.Anne Sullivan Macy arrived in Tuscum bia, Alabama to be Helen Kellers teacher on March 3, 1887. She began spelling into Helens hand and after about a month Helen made contact with reality. When Helen was old(a) she went to Radcliffe College. Anne read her all the texts that were not available in Braille. This eventually caused Anne to completely lose her sight. A year after Helen graduated from Radcliffe, Anne married John Macy, notwithstanding their marriage soon broke up because Anne was too dedicated to Helen.Annes vision began to deteriorate to the point that she could no longer be sure where she was spill in unfamiliar places. She wasnt well and they didnt have a lot of money. In early 1913 they went on the lecture circuit. It didnt take precise long before Anne became very sick and they realized that they couldnt do it alone. Helen decided to accept a pension that she had previously declined from Andrew Carnegie. When Anne was well they went on the road again, but this time Helens mother was with them. After this tour they met Miss Polly Thomson who became their secretary. They continued to lecture until 1916 when Helen became so obsessed by the war in atomic number 63 that the only thing she could talk about was peace. Soon after, Anne got very ill with a cough that was misdiagnosed as Tuberculosis. She was rushed off to Lake Placid and then went to Puerto anti-racketeering law where she got the rest that she needed.

Evolutionary Development Biology Essay -- Biology, Embryology

Evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo) has been instituted in the early 1980s as a distinctive field of study to characterize the new synthesis of evolution hypothesis (Mller, 2007). Evo-devo has been regarded as a new rule in evolutionary biology and complement to the neo- Darwinian theories. It has formed from the molecular developmental biology and evolutionary molecular genetics that their integration helps to greatly understand both of them into the upstart evo-devo. Evo-devo as discipline has been explored the role of the process of individual development and the evolutionary phenotype changes that is mean the developmental procedure by which single-celled zygotes grow to be cellular organisms. Alterations in the developmental program frequently cause differences in adult morphology. When these alterations are helpful, they grow to be fixed in a population and sens make the evolution of new phyla. The evo-devo seeks to know how new groups happen by understanding h ow the method of development has evolved in antithetical lineages. In other word, Evo-devo explained the fundamental interaction between phenotype and genotype (Hall, 2007). Explanation the morphological novelty evolutionary origin is one of the middle challenges in current biology of evolutionary and is intertwined with the energetic reciprocation regarding how to connect biology of developmental to standard perspectives from theory of evolutionary (Laubichler, 2010). Large number of theoretical and experiential efforts are being devoted to novelties that have exercised biologists for more than than one hundred years, for instance the fins basis in fish, the fin-to limb change and the feathers evolution. Biology of developmental promises to formulate a main contribution... ...tion of many biological fields, where developmental genetics is only one among several intersecting approaches. Also Love, (2010) stated that, evo-devo like a collection of problems of study that deser ted in theorizing of evolutionary pursuance the Synthesis of Modern. Additionally, the relationship between neo-Darwinian evolutionary theory and evo devo- is mainly contested (Hoekstra and Coyne, 2007 Minelli, 2010). However, still recognize comparatively small on how the evo-devo methods and characteristic of morphologies of different species diverged eventually. Craig, (2010) discussed that, obviously contributed to understanding the genes of evo-devo and subsequently the morphological evolution character in intricate organisms. There is significant confirmation for claim of evo-devo that regulatory modifies play an requirement function in the evolution of shape.

A Career in Education Essay -- career essays

A career in education can be a rewarding yet challenging field. Becoming a teacher is a unique career in which there will be various titles, from creation a communicator, social worker, disciplinarian, evaluator, role model, and at times a parent. Being able to change the lives and mold minds of young children is something I have always valued to do. Throughout my research and person-to-person interview, I have discovered what my salary will be like, the lifestyle impact, future projections, and the credential requirements needed to accomplish fair an educator.The requirements for becoming an educator vary from state to state because each state has its own set of rules when it comes to their educators. For example, Wisconsin requires that their educators have a Bachelors degree, pass the exercise II exam and the edTPA (Teacher Performance Assessment) and that they know how to communicate, have knowledge of what they are teaching, take in different learning styles, childrens up riseth, know how to evaluate, manage a classroom and plan lessons (Teacher Education, Professional Development & Licensing). For UWM graduation requirements, I must complete a human relations class so that I know how to understand different cultures and how to communicate with different types of people. I alike must have credits in fine arts, social sciences, and natural sciences a minimum additive GPA of 2.75 in all professional education coursework, a full day/semester during the final year of the program for field experience, and earn a C or better in student teaching to be eligible (Academic Programs).According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the future employment projection for educators is expected to grow 17% from 2010 to 2020 simply because of... ...th long working hours teachers deal with a lot of emotional and physical stress dealing with parents, administrators and behavioral issues, educators have to keep personal and emotional reactions separate from their profes sional reactions, when it comes to dealing with behavior issues in the classrooms and also dealing with difficult parents learning how to cope and deal with tension and even sometimes hostile environments are all a part of being a teacher. Dealing with superiors is also stressful for teachers because although as an educator our job is to evaluate students, teachers also are evaluated themselves, and evaluations can heavily determine if they will continue to have a job in that specific school (Robin Grusko and Judy Kramer). Although there are glorious and rewarding things that come with being a teacher, the personal life can be challenging.

Things Fall Apart :: Essays Papers

Things Fall Apart In James Joyces Dubliners, a compellation of short stories, that portrays the hardships of mundane life in Ireland during the late 1800s. Throughout many of these stories, Joyce shows the significance of an individuals influence on society through examples of drinking, bonding with friends, shared memories/reminiscing, impatience/envy, and sexual desire. Many of Joyces graphemes use these common themes to escape the troubles they may face in their everyday responsibilities. More specifically the characters in the two stories The deathlike, and Counterparts provide evidence and specific examples of such re-occurring themes. From these particular instances it is evident that the actions of certain characters have a direct influence on them and society. In Counterparts, the main character Farrington uses alcohol to escape from his daily responsibilities. While at work he feels the need to leave and get a quick drink at a local bar to relie ve the thirst in his throat, and hopes that by doing so he can return and finish the contract his boss had ordered. Upon his return to work, Farrington realizes there was not enough time for him to finish the contract by the deadline his boss had set. While sitting at his desk minding his predicament, Farrington thought of a place where he would kinda be, the dark damp night was coming and he longed to spend it at the bars, drinking with friends (85). So he left work and lied to his boss of the contract. later pawning off his pocket watch for money needed for the night Farrington met up with his friends at one of Irelands many bars. Sitting with his close friend Nossey Flynn, Farrington recited the fib of how he skipped out of work that night, when he finished Flynn applauded him and stood Farrington a half drink of whiskey.(89) . This interaction between the friends shows how Farrington uses the relationships with hiss friends and joyful reminiscing to escape stress he faces from day to day. Farrington tries to use the oh so familiar male bonding by physical feats, to escape more common stresses of the night by agreeing to an arm grappling hook match with Weathers.

Things Fall Apart :: Essays Papers

Things Fall Apart In James Joyces Dubliners, a compellation of short stories, that portrays the hardships of everyday life in Ireland during the late 1800s. Throughout many of these stories, Joyce shows the significance of an individuals influence on society through examples of alcohol addictioning, adhere with friends, shared memories/reminiscing, anger/envy, and sexual desire. Many of Joyces characters use these common themes to flight the troubles they may face in their everyday responsibilities. More specifically the characters in the two stories The Dead, and Counterparts provide evidence and specific examples of such re-occurring themes. From these particular instances it is evident that the actions of certain characters have a direct influence on them and society. In Counterparts, the main character Farrington uses alcohol to escape from his daily responsibilities. While at work he feels the need to leave and get a quick drink at a local bar to re lieve the thirst in his throat, and hopes that by doing so he can return and finish the contract his knob had ordered. Upon his return to work, Farrington realizes there was not enough time for him to finish the contract by the deadline his boss had set. While sitting at his desk minding his predicament, Farrington thought of a turn out where he would rather be, the dark damp night was coming and he longed to spend it at the bars, drinking with friends (85). So he left work and lie to his boss of the contract. After pawning off his pocket watch for money needed for the night Farrington met up with his friends at one of Irelands many bars. Sitting with his mean friend Nossey Flynn, Farrington recited the story of how he skipped out of work that night, when he finished Flynn applauded him and stood Farrington a half drink of whiskey.(89) . This interaction between the friends shows how Farrington uses the relationships with hiss friends and joyful reminiscing to escape stress he faces from day to day. Farrington tries to use the oh so familiar male bonding by physical feats, to escape more common stresses of the night by agreeing to an arm wrestling match with Weathers.

Hunger Games Essay

Mark Twain once remarked, A classic is a book that people praise, precisely dont read. (Cowan 13). Everyone wants to say that theyve read Shakespe be, but few people would actu onlyy choose to read it for fun. Shakespeare though is still considered a classic informant. Why? The base of Romeo and Juliet has been produced and remade measureless times since it was first written. The timeless love story has the power to quicken your imagination to rouse your mind or to strike your feeling (Pooley 76).This is what classic books does. This power is what gains literature lasting recognition and the status of a classic When determining if a book should be considered a classic, there are some(prenominal) things to consider. One must take into consideration the genre of the book, the authors career, and the qualities of the book itself. After reading the book and examining these factors, it becomes clear that certain works of literature stand out above the rest. by , for example, be c onsidered a classic.The Hunger Games is an Adventure book. Twenty-four are forced to enter. Only the winner survives. In the ruins of a place once known as North America lies the nation of Panem, a shining Capitol surrounded by twelve outlying districts. Each year, the districts are forced by the Capitol to send one boy and one girl between the ages of twelve and eighteen to participate in the Hunger Games, a unrelenting and terrifying fight to the death televised for all of Panem to see. Survival is second nature for sixteen-year-old Katniss Everdeen, who struggles to feed her mother and younger sister by secretly hunting and meeting beyond the fences of District 12. When Katniss steps in to take the place of her sister in the Hunger Games, she knows it may be her death sentence. If she is to survive, she must weigh excerption against humanity and life against love.Bio of Suzanne CollinsSuzanne Collins is the author of the outdoselling Underland Chronicles, which started with Gregor the Overlander. In The Hunger Games, she continues to explore the effects of war and violence on those coming of age. Suzanne lives with her family in Connecticut.Bestselling author Suzanne Collins first made her mark in childrens literature with the New York Times bestselling under land Chronicles series for middle grade readers. Her presentation for readers aged 12 and up, The Hunger Games-September 2008, immediately became a New York Times bestseller, appealing to both teen readers and adults. It was called addictive by Stephen King in pastime Weekly and amazing by Stephanie Meyer on her website, and was named a New York Times Notable declare of 2008 and a New York Times Book Review Editors Choice. familial Fire -September 2009, the second book in The Hunger Games trilogy, debuted at 1 on the USA Today bestseller list and simultaneously appeared at 1 on the New York Times, Wall Street Journal, and Publishers Weekly bestseller lists. It was named a Time Magazine Top Ten F iction Book of 2009, a New York Times Book Review Editors Choice, and a People Magazine (Top 10) Best Book of 2009. The final book in the trilogy, Mocking Jay -August 2010, debuted at No. 1 on all national bestseller lists during its first week on sale. In a starred review, Publishers Weekly said it accomplishes a rare feat, the last installment being the best yet, a beautifully orchestrated and intelligent novel that succeeds on every level. In April 2010, Suzanne Collins was named to the TIME 100 list of the worlds nearly influential people.The Hunger Games movie opens on March 23, 2012. Produced by Lionsgate Films and directed by Gary Ross, the movie stars Jennifer Lawrence (Katniss), Josh Hutchison (Peeta), and Liam Hemsworth (Gale). Suzanne Collins has also had a successful and productive career writing for childrens television. She has worked on the staffs of several Nickelodeon shows, including the Emmy-nominated hit Clarissa Explains It All and The Mystery Files of Shelby Woo. She received a Writers Guild of America nomination in animation for co-writing the critically acclaimed Christmas special, Santa, Baby (http//www.scholastic.com) This paper compares and contrasts the themes, ideas, and genres of Shirley Jacksons The Lottery and the film adaptation of Suzanne Collins The Hunger Games. The former is a short story satire while the latter is a roving epic with heroes and heroines. Both, however, look at the darker side of human nature in different ways.The Hunger Games has a dynamic heroine named Katniss, while The Lottery has no real hero or heroine. Katniss in The Hunger Games represents the kind of Christian heroic ethic of self-sacrifice that, in fact, is missing from The Lottery Katniss saves her sister by volunteering herself in her sister s place. It is an enormous act of courage and charity on her part. Such action is totally missing from Jackson s satire and for good reason. Jackson has not written a story that commends man s good deeds b ut rather indicts society for its hypocritical practices.

Principles of Euthanasia

Examine the take up that religious and/or moral principles resolve the major issues in medical ethics mercy cleaning can be classified in relation to whether a patient gives informed consent, it can then(prenominal) be sorted into three types voluntary, non-volontary and involuntary. One of the assertions regarding mercy eliminateing is the problem of definition. The question of the argument is, where does the killing of a person become acceptable and subsequently where is Euthanasia applied.There is a debate amongst bioethics and medical literature, it aims to conclude as to whether or not non-voluntary (and to a point involuntary) killing of patients can be thought of as mercy killing. In the eyes of both(prenominal), consent from the person is not regarded as being part of the criteria, these beliefs were held by people much(prenominal) as Beaucham, Davidson and too an extent Wreen. However, in the eyes of the majority to be able to justify mercy killing you fuddle had to of had the consent of the patient to which it was occurring to for it to be acceptable.A sentence to sum up this grey area in mercy killing is, How do you find a distinction amidst cutting short a life and allowing to die? Another argument that seems to be against the principals of euthanasia is that of consequentialism. Its philosophy is purely ab off the outcome and it does not amour as to how the outcome was caused as long as the outcome is well(p). An example of this is one used by Petit, he states that If you believe something to be the ultimate ethical then you should do all you can to promote this good and by any means necessary as long as the outcome is a successful promotion of this good. This ties in with euthanasia in a sense that no matter what reason or by which process euthanasia is carried out the outcome volition al demeanors be that of death. Death is clearly not acceptable as stated in the ten commandments. Even if the person who had euthanasia received it under their own gratefulness and will, so that they would not endeavour continuous suffering, in the light of consequentialitsm murder is murder and it is wrong. Strong believers of this are the Catholic church who preach that an act of omission which of itself or by intention causes death is murder.This to a fault even relates to when the act was undergone in order to prevent suffering. Dentology is a principle that follows absolute rule, so it is in effectively the complete opposite of consequential thinking. It will follow rules in a very literalistic manner and will not waver at all in its meaning. A great believer in the dentology way of thinking was Immanuel kant, one of his quotes was, since a maxim that involves killing cannot be rationally willed to be a universal law, it is wrong. In applience to euthanasia, dentology will state that killing is murder and murder is wrong.A strong holder of the thoughts of dentology will then use the ten commandments and though shall not murder to back up its belief even if the act of euthanasia was carried out in the most acceptable and gracious circumstances. The quality of life is a term that refers to the general well being of a person. It is used in many an(prenominal) different contexts such as healthcare. In accordance with the field of healthcare the general addition that the quality of life has on it is of somewhat a negative contribution.What this means is that the quality of life in some peoples eyes (those that support and understand the benefit or the realistic element that euthanasia brings a-pon the medical world), when applied to someone in a state of deprecative illness and a person who wishes for their life to be over, it can be somewhat unfair to deny them of this wish, purely because of the sanctity of life. There are many ways in which this can be contradicted, straight from the words of the bible.God stated that he wished all humans to engender free will, this would entail the power to kil l yourself. You could also argue that it may be Gobs will and part of Gods plan for that particular persons life to end to reduce the suffering of others. There is also the argument of a slippery slope. It states that, once it becomes legal and feasible for people to be killed, then people will begin to ask for a around more relaxed view on the situation and so on and so forth. This could then move to an extreme like this for example.A busy son has been given the frolic by his siblings of looking after his elderly discrepant father, instead of devoting his time and nursing him and keeping him healthy, he can just apply for a deadly injection to have his father put down so he can concentrate on his own life. This is the type of thing the slippery slope argument believes could happen if it became acceptable to kill people, it would devalue human life. There are arguments that support the intentions behind euthanasia such as its practicality.It is in a way wrong to argue that killing someone can be practical and for the greater good, however when the structure of the argument of practicality is stripped down and properly analysed it does have a point. There are cases where strong believers of religion do not mind or are scared by the face of death as it puts them out of their misery and others too, they also believe that they will meet their loved ones later on in heaven. Euthanasia is practical in the sense that it in reality relieves a person of their pain and it does this in the must relaxed manner possible.It also enables families to speak up freely about death and come to terms with it furthermost better. From a rather blunt practical view, euthanasia can free up hospital space for people who are in chance of getting better, (this is not an actual argument out forward by authorities). There is also the autonomy argument which pretty much opposes most arguments against euthanasia, and that is the fact that you have the right to choose. It argues that it is not correct that an able human being has the right to end their life through suicide.Yet a person in an arguably worsened condition who is not physically able to end their life can not be given the right. One can definitely say that euthanasia is a medical procedure that like many other medical processes has a great deal of controversy that comes with it. On the one hand, for thousands of years friendship like ours have stated that the killing of someone is quite simply against all moral and ethical ways. There is no reason as to wherefore it should be acceptable now.It is also voiced that, pro euthanasia characters may say that it is all voluntary, but how can it be if the person is in such a critical state that they cant mouth their opinions? The first country to give euthanasia a chance was the Netherlands with their thirty year plan. There is proof that this is going down a slippery slope in the Groningen protocol. This is a protocol suggesting that it should be acceptabl e for parents to end the life of their newly born child if it is in a critical state.On another hand there are many good points in the practise of euthanasia such as the feeling of misery and devastation it can eliminate and in a sense prevent from being prolonged. This is in regard to the actual person and their friends and family. This refers back to utilitarianism greatest good for the greatest number. Other reasons that euthanasia should not be a problem is that death is a private matter and it is not for others to inter fear.From a philosophic point of view, someone may argue that, is death really a bad thing? I therefore come to a balanced view on euthanasia, I do believe that with precautions properly put in place it is a good service and provides a ligament role in fashioning people happy. However, I do understand the argument of regulations being able to be broken as demonstrated by the Netherlands where all their original guidelines are not applied today. Word count 140 4

The Joint Commission

The voice Commission on Accreditation of Health financial aid Organizations (JCAHO) is a non-profit organization ground in the United States that offers accreditation to health maintenance facilities as well as various health programs. The goal of the organization is to continuously improve health care for the public, in collaboration with other stakeholders, by evaluating health care organizations and inspiring them to excel in providing safe and effective care of the highest quality and value. (http//www. jointcommission.org)As a non-profit organization, the phrase Commission continues to set forth standards by which the quality of enduring care is measured. In addition to providing official accreditation, after thoroughly evaluating a health care facility or program, the colligation Commission also sets safety goals for the health care industry in order to improve overall quality of care. The Joint Commission has put forth safety goals purposed to decrease the frequency of human error and promote a more secure environment for long-sufferings.Safety goals include ensuring ripe patient identification, appropriate use of medicine, enhanced communication, infection prevention and risk identification. The Joint Commission hopes to uphold the prevention of surgical mistakes and patient strikes. With concern to the gerontological population, most, if not all of the safety goals may fill to be integrated into health care routine. The Joint Commissions safety goal regarding hap prevention is especially pertinent to the geriatric population.The geriatric patient is susceptible to falls in general due to decreased vision, coordination, strength, flexibility, increase in cardiovascular disease, vertigo or cognitive impairment. Injury to a geriatric patient resulting from a fall often causes greater complications than would typically occur in a younger patient. Elderly patients are more prone to fracture due to bone density disadvantage and extensive bruisi ng from certain medications or loss of protective adipose tissue. Geriatric patients are also likely to obtain serious skin injuries resulting from falls because of thinning skin.Fractures could result in a patient losing mobility which could potentially lead to more serious complications such as pressure sores, urinary tract infections, thrombi or loss of joint function due to leave out of movement. Injuries to the skin obtained from a fall could become infected. A simple fall to an elderly patient could result in a dramatic turn for the worse regarding overall health. Among people 65 years and older, falls are the leading cause of injury deaths and the most common cause of nonfatal injuries and hospital admissions for trauma. (http//www. CDC.org)The Joint Commission addresses this concern with its goal to reduce the risk of falls. This particular goal is broken down into five elements of performance intended to predict risk for fall, step in to reduce risk, educate and evaluat e. The first of the elements of performance is an assessment of the patients risk for fall. This includes assessing patients mental status, sleep patterns, medications, occupation pressure, voiding frequency, vision, gait, strength, difference and history of falls. After evaluation of a patients risk of falling, an interventional plan should be formulated to prevent such an incident.The Morse Fall Scale, or MSF, is a tool that is used to assess the likelihood of a patient falling. It takes into consideration a specific patients history of falling, secondary diagnosis, ambulant aid, IV/Heparin lock, gait and mental status. The MFS requires systematic, reliable assessment of a patients fall risk factors upon admission, fall, change in status, and discharge or transfer to a new setting. (http//www. patientsafety. gov) Equipment can be utilized to prevent falls and environmental hazards can be cleared. Referrals could be made, as needed, to ophthalmology, cardiology or physical rehab ilitation.Medications can be considered and altered if they cause orthostatic hypotension, a condition in which a patient becomes dizzy upon standing due to quick drop in blood pressure. Bowel and bladder assistance programs can be implemented to reduce frequency and incontinence issues that may lead the patient to leave the bed unassisted. Educating the patient, as well as their families is critical in fall prevention. Involvement of all who care for the geriatric patient can lessen the likelihood of a fall occurring in the absence of a health care provider.Falls can occur while attempting to help a geriatric patient bathe, while assisting in transportation, or maneuvering through their home. This is especially important to the geriatric patient who has returned home resume acts of daily living without constant supervision. There may be environmental hazards inside the home that pose risk to the patient. It is also possible that the patient may not administer medications properly, or cannot safely perform hygiene, feeding, cooking or cleaning. much(prenominal) acts of daily living are essential remain or become healthy.A vast array of variables exists with regards to fall prevention. Hence, the Joint Commission recommends that the overall success of the interventional measures be evaluated and altered as needed. Follow up evaluation allows for further adjustments, if needed. The Joint Commission is a non-profit organization serving to promote health care organizations to be their best in all aspects of patient care. Their mark of accreditation has become a respected seal of approval, indicating that a particular facility or program meets a particular set of high standards.They have put forth safety goals intended to encourage nurses and other health care providers to approach potential dangers with a multifaceted plan for intervention and prevention of errors, accidents and injury. Preventing falls will be an ongoing, evolving and improving process with rega rd to future nursing practice. Nurses will always need to think critically and utilize the knowledge, tools and equipment available to keep patients from falling and injuring themselves. Futuristic equipment may provide a more convenient, safer, faster way to assist patient mobility.Computer health care networking may make complete health history more readily available for review and consideration. Nothing, however, can replace the critically idea nurse. Nurses are leading practice innovations to systematically assess patients risk for falls and implement population based prevention interventions. (http//www. nursingworld. org) For this reason, The Joint Commission sets standards and safety goals to encourage those within the field of nursing to actively assess, prevent, educate and evaluate. With due diligence, such standards and safety regulations can greatly increase overall patient care.

Discuss the increasing importance of HRM in today’s businesses Essay

With the emergence of a postgraduately dynamic global economic system, and with untried competitors incessantly arriving on the scene, taskes are invariably finding ways to increase efficiency and effectiveness to stay viable to merelyt against present and future work demands.The military man Resource counseling (HRM) process exercised effectively in many wrinklees has overtime proven to commit significant impacts on business returns, thus becoming increasingly influential in the verbalism of business strategies. This paper seeks to discuss the increasing importance of HRM in todays businesses, with a contract on the four key roles identified by Dave Ulrich (1993) that Human Resource (HR) managers of today should play to rise up to impending challenges, in response to the purpose of this assignment.This paper will also plan of attack to narrow and interpret existing HRM concepts and theories and to highlight their differences and respective roles in the shaping of to days businesses. It will also draw some examples of good strategic HRM practices in some of todays most fortunate global companies.In todays businesses all around the world, the fundamental attributions for a business to thrive in an ever-changing and demanding society have drastically undergone an overhaul in recent years to suit and adapt to change. With vast advancements in engineering and better infrastructure in place, businesses are able to operate much efficiently in todays society than before.However, the most essential agent in all successful businesses is its people, or what is termed today as human asset. Good staff are the heart and blood of businesses, driving them to strain strategic objectives and goals. With such realisation, the HRM answer in a business has been identified as a key role in the sustenance of business success and how it can be better positioned to gain a competitive stance through the effective counselling of its people. To attempt to precisel y define HRM will result in more confusion and contradiction, particularly due to the case of its constant comparison with Personnel Management (PM).Worthy to note, Noon (199423) states that though HRM is relatively spic-and-span to many countries, in the USA the HRM term has been used over fifty years as an alternative name for PM and that the two legal injury are synonymous. Pre 1980s, PM was largely viewed as the human face of management. Torrington and Hall (1991) puts forth thatThus it can be seen that PM is more work-force-centred, say to begin with at the businesss employees sourcing and training them, arranging for remuneration, defining management expectations, tending to employees work-related demand, dealing with their problems and seeking to modify management action, which tend to contract unhappy employees and unwelcomed responses. Such is the hard approach of managing people, viewing an plaques employees as a cost, which needs to be tightly budgeted. People und er the PM system are viewed as resources in the same way as any other business resources, and thus, indisputable never totally identified with the management interests. Thus surfaces a gap between human resource and business strategies, with the management and employees mediating the needs of each to the other. Tichy, Fombrun and Devanna (1982) state thatIt was during the 1980s that HRM took on a new meaning as it grew and broadened as it focused on strategic and business concerns according to Tichy et. al. (1984) and Freedman (1991). It was identified with a strategic approach, bridging the link of managing of people to the exploit of business objectives. HRM was becoming more influential across regions like South Africa and Australasia and soon, it found itself world integrated into the local business cultures. HRM took upon the role of strategically managing the employment of human resources at its optimum level. It strived for a seamless link between business policies and HR policies, and looked upon employees as resources distinct from the other resources, striving for a more humanistic approach. Drawing on such ideas, Alan Price (2004) defines HRM in the new age asAs such, HRM is viewed as a more resource-centred approach directed primarily at managing the need for human capital. This could be attributed to the soft approach of HRM, which view its employees as a core asset. Human capital is thus out contestationd not only to include employees of the business, but also to encompass the management as a whole unit whose interests can only be compound through the inclination of effective and integrated overall management of all the business processes and units. Henry and Pettigrew support this belief that the strategic character of HRM is distinctive. HRM is said to be based on a management and business-oriented philosophy. This is perhaps the most significant point differentiating HRM from traditional personnel management in todays validations.With mor e upcoming challenges ahead in an unpredictable future working environment, businesses are shifting their paradigm to adopt the HRM approach for its flexibility and proven means of producing results in the long run. If HRM is going to rise to such challenges, Dave Ulrich (1993) identified a four-pronged approach that managers can undertake to make the transition successfully. They are to play the roles of* Administrative sharpUlrich asserts that HR needs to add value by performing as a partner with line management. He notes HR professionals add value to a business when they use their expertise to link internal organization and management practices to external business requirements. He reckons that HR managers must be effective through their management so as to create value deep down the organization.* Employee championUlrich reckons that a good HR manager is one who is able to relate and meet the needs of employees, at the same time be their voice in the organization so as to prov ide assurance and seeking of new resources for their betterment. knave Welch, CEO of General Electric (2001) formulated the Boundaryless concept in the company where he took ideas to the bottom line of his thriving organization. He successfully removed barriers within the organization functions, encouraged employees to voice out any new ideas they had and assigned managers who were committed to the sharing of these ideas with the board and realizing them. As a result, employees were not only rewarded and recognized, but gained much credit for contributing to the company, thus boosting levels of employee confidence and commitment.* Change AgentUlrich points out that HR managers must be able to manage change, simultaneously acting as a catalyst for change. In the ever-changing global economy, change is inevitable in organizations where staying cost-effective to gain competitive advantage is of priority. Change is seen as a means of psyching the business up to possible uncertainties i n the present and future environment.HR managers thus must be able to lead functional change and exert influence over the organization by being observant and responsive towards change to ensure that the business stays viable. They need to constantly monitor the organization to determine the need for change and implementing it successfully alongside organization objectives and values. Ulrich further states that the distinction between those who succeed and fail is the readiness to suffice to the pace of change. Bill Hewlett and David Packard who founded Hewlett Packard said of managing change and growth* Strategic partnerUlrich states that HR managers should shoulder the role of being a strategic business partner in the translation of business objectives into action. They must thus be able to develop new ideas and contribute to the making of business decisions within the organization on top of effective people management. HRM is thus seen as part of an integrated and coherent func tion in the business process.Ulrich highlights the increasingly complex and paradoxical roles the HR professionals must perform to better understand HRM functions and to add value in the organization by helping line managers align strategies and processes with the business needs of the organization. Legge (1989) also provides that that HRM concentrates more on what is done to managers than what is done by manager to the employees. He also reinforces that there is a more proactive role for line managers and for top management to manage culture. Thus is the focus on the true effectiveness and value of the HRM function and if streamlining its processes and redefining HR manager relationships with line managers would define new competencies for HR managers. But is definitely sufficient to say that the role of HR is dramatically changing as how Ulrich (1993), Schuler (1990) and Walker (1992) have recognized it to be.The HR function has systematically gained prominence. Senior HR professi onals have made the shift from just being just another functioning role in the organization to being key members of the senior management team. Noble (1994) captures this transition by stating, competition has taken human resources from the backwater to the boardroom.Since then, several formal theoretical clay sculptures of Human Resource schema have started to appear as early as 1984, which served as analytical views to better comprehend the development of HRM and are loosely regarded as representatives for the profession. Among them are* Fombrun, Tichy and Devannas Matching presentIt seeks to internally unify activities with the HR function and business strategy. It aims to achieve a match or fit between the two functions. It has its focus on work systems and job designs, making HRM seem to evolve in a social vacuum.* The Harvard ModelProduced by Beer, Spector, Lawrence, Quinn Mills and Walton (1984), it provides a broad only casual depiction of the determinants and consequenc es of the implementation of HR policies. In this model, situational factors together with stakeholders interests are taken into account to influence the formulation of HR policies and outcomes. It concentrates on high commitment as the ideal state of the work force. The Stakeholder theory in this context sets out to prove the varying degrees of influence and impact that stakeholders can have on the conduct and progress of the organization. The main aim is to commit and coordinate the interests of an organizations stakeholders while directing the organizations primary activities.* The Warwick ModelAn extension of the Harvard Model by Hendry and Pettigrew (1990), it emphasizes the importance of external and internal environmental impacts on HRM and is more oriented to the process of change.* lymph glands ModelGuest (1989) adapted the Harvard Model by basing his analysis on the four HR outcomes, and developing these into four policy goals commitment, flexibility strategic integration and quality. This prescriptive model seeks to see these goals as a coherent package that needs to be achieved for desired organization outcomes.* The Storey Model put-on Storey (1993) stated that the ability to take, and implement a strategic view of the whole range of the personnel practices in relation to business activity as a whole is the sanctioned distinction between traditional personnel management and HRM. Storeys theoretical model is based on conceptions on how organizations have been transformed from preponderantly personnel/IR practices to HRM practices.These influential HRM Models serve as a means of developing strategies and formulation of policies to support current business infrastructure and provides a poser of current concept, assumptions and theories of HRM practices in the real world today. Ulrich (1993) asserts that HR needs to add value by acting as a partner with line management. He notes HR professionals add value to a business when they use their expertise to link internal organization and management practices to external business requirements.To assess HRM outcomes and to define its processes in this new day and age is subjected to numerous debates as to the use of the ideal method in the effective management of people. HRM is evolving in tune to the tardy yet subtle phasing out of traditional PM in most modern organizations today. It can thus be concluded aptly that a successful organization is nothing without good staff, emphasizing once again, the importance of good HRM practices in todays businesses and the integral role it plays in the with regards to the management of an organizations core asset Its people.REFERENCESPrice, Alan. (2004), Human Resource Management in a Business Context, 2nd Edition, Thomson Learning.Stone, J. Raymond. (2002), human Resource Management, 4th Edition, John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.Torrington, Derek. and Hall, Laura. (1998), Human Resource Management, 4th Edition, Prentice Hall Europe.Torrington , Derek. and Hall, Laura. (1991), Personnel Management A New Approach, 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall.Ulrich, Dave. and Smallwood, Norm. (2003), Why the Bottom Line Isnt, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Welch, Jack. with Byrne A, John. (2001), JACK What Ive learned leading a great company and great people, Headline Book Publishing Great Britain.MGW2430 Human Resource Management Averil Chan Si Wan (19603363)

The Education System In Mauritius Education Essay

Education has been free for the secondary compass point since 1977 and for rise clip undergraduate degree at the University of Mauritius since 1988. The State provides equal support for bid, on occasion striving tight budgets and even subsidising a great portion of the outgo in mete out aided secondary schools, that is, schools under the control of in private owned establishments. With cosmopolitan primary instruction being achieved in the 1970s, free instruction in 1977, and statute law devising instruction up to 16 old ages of age compulsory, the chall(a)enges policya?makers have had to face have related to broaden entree at the high(prenominal) instruction degree, bettering prime(prenominal), and beef uping the direction of the welkin ( while guaranting equity ) . The funding of higher instruction is fundamentally via the authorities and students/p atomic number 18nts.Students enrolled in public higher educational establishments are funded to a real big extent by the aut horities. Students enrolled in local private higher instruction establishments and those in abroad establishments give the full cost of their instruction.The cardinal factors act uponing the quality of higher instruction are the quality of module, course of study criterions, technological substructure available, research environment, accreditation government activity and the administrative policies and processs implemented in establishments of higher acquisition.The overall vision of authorities was spelt out in the New Economic Agenda formulated in 2000. The chief challenge was to travel bit by bit off from traditional sectors to the function sector. The aim was to diversify fabrication into higher valuea?added markets and to consolidate services ( fiscal, ICT, etc. ) as a 4th pillar of economic development. To pull new investing and to keep the recount s fight, a extremely robust skilled wrench force was seen as imperative. With a position to puting Mauritius on a higher gro wing way, the state has recognised the importance of developing higher instruction as a regional hub for high quality instruction and preparation, to guarantee that the cognition industry acts as a accelerator in broadening the Mauritanian economic system, and in supplying the necessary support to the bing and approaching sectors. There has been a dramatic paradigm displacement in the development purpose mooted by the authorities.In drumhead, it has been accepted by authorities that the instruction system, particularly higher instruction, needs to be rea?orientated to react more efficaciously.Higher instruction in Mauritius can be traced back to the constitution of the School of Agriculture within the Department of Agriculture in 1914, which became integrated into the UoM when it was established in 1965. However, it was however in posta?independent Mauritius that several public higher instruction establishments were created, which were complementary to UoM.Over the old ages the hi gher instruction sector has become progressively diversified.Pre principal(a) sectorThe Pre-primary sector traditionally catered for kids aged 4 onwards and, since this twelvemonth, for those aged 3. The NER presently stands at 94 per centum, with the State supplying a per-child grant of MR 200 ( USD 6 ) . Private individuals/ establishments make up some 80 per centum of the educational proviso in the sector.The undermentioned steps are portion of policy developments to consolidate the sectora? Strengthening the institutional and regulative model for the proviso of Early Childhood Care and Education.a? Reduction of disparity among pre-schools.a? Addressing the job of out-of-schools pre-primary kids ascribable to absolute poorness.a? Developing a National Curriculum Framework for the pre-primary subsector.a? Ensuring preparedness of all pre-primary school kids for primary school.a? Construction of pre-primary units in deprived countriesa? Strengthening partnerships with parents thr ough a Parent Empowerment Program.Primary sectorChilds are enrolled in primary school from the age of five and come in Standard ( Grade ) I and travel automatically up to Standard VI. The system is competitory and a biennial preparedness starts since Standard V up to Standard VI for the terminal of primary school scrutinies, the CPE ( Certificate of Primary Education ) . The CPE is a national scrutiny carried out in all the schools of the island followers a rating system. Five topics are mandatory English, Gallic, Mathematics, Science, and History and Geography and the scaling procedure is based on the 5 best classs obtained from these along with whatever one of the Asian/ Arabic languages. .Government has implemented several opening moves in primary schools of the state in order to better CPE scrutinies consequences. One much(prenominal) enterprise is known as the Zones dEducation Prioritaires ( Z.E.P. ) . This inaugural targets the schools with low public presentation over a back-to-back period of five old ages and involves the whole school biotic community school staff, parents, NGOs, concern and community-based associations in bettering the school clime and consequences. Other recent enterprises have included the development of an Enhancement Programme to provide for pupils of Std III and IV supplying several carbon monoxides curricular activities to back up the holistic development of the kid, and the debut of ICT in the schoolroom through the Sankore programme where categories of Std IV are increasingly being equipped with computing machines and synergistic projectors.Secondary sectorThe CPE determines admittance to a secondary college. Secondary schools are either State owned, grant-aided private schools, or to the full private fee-paying schools. The kid enters college in skeletal frame I and progresses through to Form VI, necessitating seven old ages of schooling since there is a two twelvemonth readying for the Higher School Certificate/A- Level scrutinies. A major nationally devised course of study has been developed for Forms I-III with the Secondary Curriculum Framework now in topographical point since 2010. Students study for a wide compulsory course of study up to Form III inhabiting English, French, Mathematics and the Social and Hard Sciences.When pupils reach Form IV, they have to take at least six major topics for their O-Level scrutinies in Form V. Subsequently, pupils have to specialize in 3 chief topics and 2 stamp down 1s for the A Level scrutiny. The O-Level and A-Level scrutinies are carried out by the University of Cambridge through the University of Cambridge International Examinations, which devises the course of study prepares and prints the scrutinies documents and does the rectification for most topics.TVET ( Technical and Vocational Education and didactics )The chief supplier of the TVET plan is the Mauritius wreak of Training and Development ( MITD ) . The intent of the MITD is to offer h orde proficient plans to supply human resource preparation to black market into the demands of the universe of work at the in-between professional degree. The MITD in any event presently besides provides classs at the degree of National Diploma. The TVET sector is regulated by the Mauritius Qualifications countenance which besides develops and maintains the national Qualifications Framework ( NQF ) .Tertiary sectorTertiary instruction which started in 1924 with the College of Agriculture has since developed into a diversified system, composed of public, private, regional and abroad establishments providing for a broad mountain range of classs and programmes.Third instruction in Mauritius is characterized by a broad scope of establishments with diverse features. Some provide all degrees of third instruction in a scope of subjects while others focus their activities on merely one or two countries at certain degrees. A figure of the establishments are abroad with their commissariat s make available through the distance instruction and mix manner. Within the populace sector, third instruction revolves around the University of Mauritius ( UoM ) , the University of Technology ( UTM ) , the Mauritius Institute of Education ( MIE ) , the Mahatma Gandhi Institute ( MGI ) , the Mauritius Institute of Training and Development ( MITD ) and the Open University of Mauritius ( OUM ) . Oversing the four third instruction establishments ( TEIs ) is the Tertiary Education Commission ( TEC ) which, inter alia, has duty for apportioning public financess, and fosterage, grooming and organizing the development of post-secondary instruction and preparation.In add-on to the above publicly-funded establishments ( PFIs ) , a figure of private establishments are soon presenting tertiary-level programmes, largely in niche countries like tuition Technology, Law, Management, Accountancy and Finance. Many of the programmes in the private sector are offered in coaction with abroad estab lishments.Many Mauritanian pupils besides either travel overseas or fall back entirely to the unfastened acquisition manner in prosecuting their higher instruction surveies.The University of MauritiusThe University of Mauritius ( UOM ) is a national University in Mauritius. It is the oldest and largest university in the state in footings of pupil registration and course of study offered. The public university s chief campus is located at Reduit, Moka. Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, who was accompanied by His munificent Highness the Duke of Edinburgh, inaugurated the University on 24th March 1972.Over the past decennaries, in response to the contemporary and emergent demands of the assorted sectors of the Mauritanian economic system, the university now has progressed from being a largely in-service preparation establishment to a fully-fledged university, concentrating progressively on unmarried man s grades, graduate student programmes, research and consultancy.The university s tr ue strategic program, Strategic Directions 2006-2015, has the following six strategic waiesKnowledge creative activityKnowledge diffusionInvesting in resourcesChoice civilization and heartfelt administrationNational, regional and international coactionsCommunity outreachThe University of Mauritius has committed itself to uninterrupted betterment and quality direction.These are the actions that the university is seeking to provide forGuaranting relevancy interact proactively with the universe of work and the community to provide for emergent demands while instilling a wider sense of belonging to the university.Guaranting quality of instruction and larning enhance bing commissariats for uninterrupted betterment in the quality of instruction and acquisition, and work increasingly towards the execution of best pattern.Strengthen research develop further the university s research capacity and research direction program. internationalize the university better the international standi ng of the university and spread out its function and programme of activities.Amongst Mauritian universities the UoM stands out both in footings of its laterality with respect to registration and it legion pockets of excellence with respect to research. The UoM is the largest provider of third instruction locally, accounting for 22.2 % of entire higher instruction registration.FacultiesOriginally, the university had three schools, viz. Agriculture, Administration and Industrial Technology. It has since expanded to consist five modules, viz. Faculty Of Agriculture, Faculty Of Engineering, Faculty Of Law and Management, Faculty Of Science, and Faculty Of Social Studies & A Humanities. The modules are involved in learning, research and consultancy. It has besides a Centre for Medical Research and Studies, a Centre for Distance Education, a Centre for Information Technology and Systems, and a Consultancy Centre. Following these on-campus developments and enlargements, it resulted in a c oincident addition in the figure and in the diverseness of programmes being offered, and the figure of pupils enrolled.The programmes of the University are internationally recognized and include choice confidence mechanisms such as the external tester system and affiliated with celebrated Universities worldwide. There is a Quality Assurance Office which helps the University in keeping and bettering the quality of all its activities. There are assorted exchange understandings that have been established between the UOM and abroad universities.Students UnionThe Students Union, established in 1971, is run by and for the pupils. It work in the mesh of pupils and on a regular basis organize assorted activities. All pupils are members, the rank fee being included in the enrollment. Students are really dynamic in forming extracurricular activities supported by the Public Relations Office.

Personal Wellness Planning Essay

Copy and paste the questions into a word processing program. Answer any questions completely and then submit them to your instructor.Warm-Up (Questions to help you prepare to write your designs)1. Describe your current level of physical activity. How often do you move in moderate to high intensity activity in an average week? Moderate, I participate in About 3 or more clock times a week of physical activity2. Discuss at least three physical activities you enjoy participating in or wish to participate in. I am on Soccer team for orlando city soccer I practice twice a week and have games once a week I do Horses ridding once a week for about a 1 and halfSwimming I have a puddle in my yard so I swim a lot and enjoy itGoals3. Create at least one goal for each of the following wellness categories. Personalize each of your goals for the time enrolled in the course. Be sure that each goal is measureable, attainable, and has a specific deadline. Also, be sure each goal is written in com plete sentences.Physical Wellness GoalMy physical wellness goal to run at least a mile any day to stay in shape.Emotional Wellness GoalMy emotional wellness goal is to attend yoga classes once a week.to reduce stress and be relaxed.Social Wellness GoalMy social wellness goal is to join a club at school before the end of the year . donnish Wellness Goalmy Academic Wellness goal is to study for every test and quiz day before Cool Down (Reflection questions based on the goals youve written) 4. What do you think will be the most intriguing goal for you, and why? My Academic wellness Goal will be the most challenging goal for me its hard forme to reamber to study days before a test at least every single day till I sprout it.5. Describe any challenges or hesitations you have about your goals or the activity requirements for this course. The challenges or hesitations I have about the goals and activitys for this course is having to work our all the time and record your work outs.6. Expl ain how fitness testing and test results can affect your overall fitness. Test results and fitness testing can affect your overall fitness by showing you want you need to improve on and what you do better at.7. No matter your living situation, it is up to you to make chance(a) decisions that affect your well-being. What is your role and responsibility for maintaining and improving your health? My role and responsibility for maintaining and improving my health is maintaining a healthy body weigh, eating heathy and working out.

s ‘Patriarchy’ a useful concept anymore?

My personal way of defining patriarchate is a nine typically dominated and control by lop force. Patriarchy shows us how our rules of order functions and how it controls wowork force, including all systems, like hold up place, home office, religion etc, where women atomic number 18 formed and developed to the way men want them to be. It is the opposite of matriarchy, meaning women argon the head and in control of families.This quote tending(p) by H, Hartman signifies tender patriarchy, so it is not of course suggested but socially. I define patriarchy as a set of social relations which has a material base and in which there be hierarchical relations between men, and solidarity among them, which enables them to control women. p3, H Hartman (1982), What about women? Gender Inequality in Employment, 551. 04 leatures 11 and 12. The way in which society utilise to be, was that in one case the content of patriarchy had been established, it was used strongly in every society a nd in many opposite ways, creating versed politics, where men were seen as the dominant perk up class and the treatment of women, through this patriarchy system unconquerable their future and victor in invigoration. The possibilities for women making choices in every aspect of their own personal life were taken away from them or where very limited because of this patriarchal control that was upon them.In the past the economize was clearly the principal negotiator, with the marriage license being the only exception, where the women would really be dismission into a life long commitment of serving her husband as a slave. The females main source of encyclopaedism were things such(prenominal) as learning to spin, sew and weave, and maybe a little reading and writing. The main order that was given to them, were another(prenominal) females, and they lived more or less(prenominal) behind closed doors. The women had a separate instalment in the house that was located away from t he other sections so that communications with males or strangers were barred.While the men when out to work, the womens affair was just seen as to be looking after the house and children, and listen to their husbands. The judicial separation of home from work led to a sharper separation of male and female spheres. The world of concern outside the home became a male sphere and the world of home and children became a womens one. p366, Fulcher & Scott. (1999) Sociology The husbands leisure and dividing line time were of no business to the wife, domesticity cut women off from business life and public activities in general.In some societys women were degraded, they were seen as objects used for male needs and a simple tool of breeding children. A woman of a particular community, caste or social-economic stratum is raped to teach that section of the society, in other words, to reproduce the hierarchical structure. httpmarxists. org/archive/marx/work/1884/orgin-family/ch02d. htm. It w as in the mid-1800 when the first signs of the feminist movement came about. In 1961 it was discussed by a man named John Stuart, that the role of women is society during that time, pointing out how the patriarchy placed such an main(prenominal) limit on what women could do.A time came out when evidence should the existence of a pre-industrial division of mash between men and women. just this existence contained occupational segregation, where the females worked only in female jobs and males concentrated in male jobs. Middleton (1979) argued that women did carry many diametrical agricultural tasks, but it was the men who did the high status work of plouging. p367 Fulcher & Scott. (1999) Sociology Family and Household Job segregation enabled males still to maintain superiority over women, because of the patriarchal relationships in paid work.The childbed market urged lower wages for women, so that it would encourage them to marry and stay financial dependant on their husbands. Women were excluded from better jobs than men, to keep their primary responsibilities as the main caregiver for children and family. However in some areas of the pre-industrial society capable women who entered the labour market were forced into part-time and insecure employments, where they would be excluded from promotion. Once they married they had to sacrifice their job, so their personal status would drop back down into the status level as they were when they started off. besides the employment of women alarmed men highly as their sight of the male role of head of the house became seen as threatened, especially in the twenty century then demands for labour by women became stronger, and women would no eternal be ignored. This was when the family wage became spangn, when the male breadwinner would support his family with his earnings, whilst the womens earning were treated as a additional source of in go into so that their amateurish domestic work would not be interfered wi th their paid work.It was not until the 1980s that these requirements changed, when recruitment practices of certain companies had referred to the Equals Opportunities Commission. The position of men was altered and the womens position underwent signifi bumt changes. More women moved into the labour market and were used less in the homes. With the changing of attitudes towards means of the production, families began to drop away from the ways and ideas of male ownership with society and the changing attitudes of womens role became stronger.Society needed women to work as men could not fill all the vacancies and they needed women to do the jobs that men would not. More opportunities for young children to go to school were given. Private housekeeping is transformed into a social industry. The care and education of the children became a public affair society looks after all children alike, whether they are legitimise or not. p170, Jodi Dean. (1997) Feminism and the New Democracy Chang es in womens employment be in possession of had consequences that we still do not k like a shot what will happen in a situation involving children, marriages and other grievous factors in ones individual life.Countries that urinate high birth rates now contrive low birth rates, due to women working. Dramatic changes have also taken place, such as divorce rates rising and single mothers increasing. Organizations themselves are re-thinking employing different work time and working practice because number of paid work and taking care of uncompensated domestic and family work has increased as men have to also help now. Females that were forwards at home looking after husbands mother refuse to do this now. The late twenty century patterns was going to work, leaving work on the first child, then gradually coming back to work.These females were married, where as mentioned before that in the early days, that if women worked, they had to leave the employment completely when they got ma rried. Now there are more women in the labour force than men. Womens economic behaviour is the same as men, but still do different jobs on a lower level. Patriarchy was also found in adopting the name of their husbands after marriage, but more women are choosing to keep their maiden and have a choice of titles e. g. Ms, Miss and Mrs, so that they can retain their own identity.Also another element that changed in society which is widely appreciated now is the fact that women were able to vote which began after the First World War, which was still based on age. However the question still remains that is patriarchy still effective? I would personally argue that yes it is. matchless has to understand it with other concepts, with the way of how the concept of patriarchy is used. I would personally argue that some concepts of patriarchy has fad away from today societys, but overall it has not lessened, but is now being used under different forms.One form of patriarchy that can be seen a s a useful concept, is entertainment given by women. Women are appreciated on their glamour. In the media women such as the ribaldry Girls are a role model in society because of glamour. Naked women are commonly shown e. g. in the Sun Newspaper, on page three, where as men nudity is more under the covers. This is seen as useful, as it can be forfilling entertainment for men, and women role models are being used to put across message, such as Spice Girls putting forward the message of girl power.It can also still be useful in a relationship as men still stamp down women, maybe it is something that males inherent, that men can use to impress women, such as paying when going out, walking the lady home etc. I would say its main usefulness still lies deep down the family, as the family and religion are the source of many of our beliefs. Families and religion can be the most powerful sets of shaping ones personality and future. This is important as it is given to us from our primary ex periences of family life.It is believed that for a family to work it needs to be organized within a set of rules and beliefs. These still mainly come from the main positional power, which is mainly the role of the father. The rules and beliefs are expected to be practiced in order to keep a family together. The key to survival and success for the children in the family system, or the underlying incentives and rewards, is to please the father or, in its modern form, please the parents, and obtaining their attention and/or approval. http//www. 2. warwick. ac. uk/fac/soc/siology/researh. htm In some religions and cultures it is seen as a useful concept, for example Islam, because some elements are practice to protects women and their dignity. Their rules come from the Holy Quran, which Muslims obey by not only because they have to, but also because they believe it has been given to them to help guide them and protect them from the dangers of life, one example, adultery.However some may not see it as useful, as facts have shown that the top politicians and scientists are men. Work hours still have had seen to be problems for women. In Britain dissimilitude is illegal but still is happening in other parts of the country, and men still oppress women. Sometimes society promotes sex- stereotyped roles themselves when it is unnecessary, for example in some cultures there is more of a rejoicing when a baby son is born, or when children are a bit older society places them into their sex roles, e. . to praise them we say things like thats pretty for a good girl or to a boy it is said you do that like a girl, or boys dont cry. We are teaching girls to be feminine, and boys are taught to be masculine, by being tough and insensitive. My conclusion to this essay from reviewing the facts I have elaborationed, is that patriarchy is seen more as useful concept in society today despite the negative elements.I would personally say that women today still depend on certain patri archal concepts to enable them to gain security within their lives, however this is not true for everyone. During this essay I have covered a range of topics to with patriarchy. In my essay I have concentrated on four aspects, I have defined the term patriarchy I have talked about how society was how society has changed, and discussed if patriarchy still is a useful concept. I have produced this with relevant evidence in a form of quotes.

Five Days At Memorial

The book approached the estim fit dilemmas faced by those physicians and staff involved n the key utilizations of the rescue effort at archives medical exam Center, one of the m both medical facilities that were devastated by this category 5 hurricane. The physicians who remained to precaution for the long-sufferings were throw away in the difficult position of deciding who was around appropriate for rescue, and what to do with those left wing merchant ship. Staff members, nurses in particular, were put in the position of whether or not to obey seemingly unjustified orders.The catastrophe was worsened by the backlash from the patients families, the community, and the nation regarding their closings, including ar backups and wrongful conclusion lawsuits. This paper will focus on just this was the issue of the disaster warranted? Should the physicians and nurses who put their lives at insecurity to care for these patients shake off been put through so untold consternat ion? Had they not stayed, it is quite likely that many more(prenominal) deaths would gather in occurred.Was there anyone to blame? And almost(prenominal) importantly what could be done to keep this situation from happening again? Sheer Finks descriptions of the disaster that took level at Memorial Medical Center after Hurricane Strain ravished new-made Orleans, shed light on some of the ethical dilemmas experienced by the physicians and nurses who stayed at he hospital to care for the patients in the disturb of the storm. The unfortunate serving were beyond anyones imagination.Because inseparable disasters and their aftermath cannot be predicted, those left in hurry had no way of knowing how to respond to the situations that they were faced with. Being lined to care for patients without clean water, electricity, sanitation, and food, puts healthcare workers in an entirely different environment. Moreover, the pressure that comes with the unfortunate responsibility of deci ding which patients should be rescued and which should not, is more than any person should ever aim to experience.Upon the administrative decision to evacuate critical patients last, the healthcare hand overrs who were willing to risk their own lives by staying in the hospital were faced with the unfortunate responsibility to decide which patients should receive treatment, and which ones should be left to suffer until more resources became available. Ethically speaking, Dry. start and her staff should have divided resources equally to provide the most number of muckle with the outflank possible care.Rationally speaking, however, they had to make the decision to allocate the limited resources to those patients who had the outflank chance of surviving the disaster tit the greatest potential quality of intent, rather than distributing them equally and risking the livelihoods of each patient left stranded at MAC. Due to the extreme circumstances of the situation, the decision w as made to dish out fatal doses of morphine to four black patients on the ordinal floor, each of who had chosen to be designated as Do Not Resuscitate (DNA) patients.The controversial events that took place on the seventh floor of Memorial Medical Center (MAC) in the midst of such cuckoos nest serves to illustrate the inconsistencies inherent inwardly the context of apt and ethical decision- aging during disaster situations. Some argue that Dry. sal soda chose to play the role of God in that moment of confusion and chaos, using involuntary euthanasia to preemptively stopping point the lives of four patients who were not necessarily pass to die.Viewed in this way, her makeions can be seen as murder however, when viewed as an wager of rational compassion, the memorial tablet of fatal doses of morphine can be seen as providing palliative care and comfort to the end. Whether or not this was the best possible course of action, the decision made by Dry. Pop was one that few people have ever been faced with qualification.Aside from illuminating the lack of precedence and procedural guidelines for action during times of disaster and mass- casualty, the brawl also sheds light on the ill fortunes of all levels of disposal to provide assistance, shelter, and care for people living in poverty who are unable to evacuate from their homes in the midst of impending destruction and chaos. Review of lit To understand the ethical principles at odds, a review of the literature involved on this situation is requisite for the reader to more fully comprehend the competing interpretations of Dry.Pops decision to bring an ND to those four lives comfortably, rather than respecting their shore leave and leaving them to unwillingly deteriorate and presumably die on their own terms. Paternalism According to Dry. Gerald E. Drink, DO, professor of moral, political, and ratified philosophy at the University of California, Davis, paternalism is defined as, the interfer ence of a state or individual with an other(a) person, against their will, and defended or motivated by a claim that the person interfered with will be better off or protected from harm. We can see how the decision of Dry. Pop fits within this conceptual framework by version her actions as a way o provide those four patients with a comfortable end to their lives, with the assurance that they were better off drifting self-possessedly into eternal sleep than being left and subjected to a slow and potentially painful death. accord her actions as an example of paternalism does not necessarily justify her assumption of the role of God, but it does explain why she believed she was acting in accordance with ethical principles.Though arguably at odds with the ethical principal of malefaction, her actions must be judged within the context of the disaster at hand. Because resources ere limited, and because the primary provider for those patients on the seventh floor had seemingly left the m for dead, she was faced with making a decision that would at long last impact e precise private patient in the hospital.When understood from this perspective, her neglect for patient autonomy and intercommunicate combine is superseded by the ethical principle Of paternalism, in the sense that it was her utilitarian duty to provide the most possible care for the most number of people and to reduce the overall suffering endured by patient population. By eliminating the potential suffering of four patients with elatedly low qualities of life, Dry. Pop was able to ensure that the resources available would be used in the most efficient way for the providence of care for those patients who had better chances of natural selection and high qualities of life.Decision-making can be a daunting task in any situation, but the decision that Dry. Pop was forced to make was undoubtedly harder than any of us have ever been faced with. It is easy to objurgate her as a racist murderer, but i t is just as easy to praise her as a hero as well. Regardless, we can rightfully assume that the decisions she made in the midst of such chaos and confusion ere the farthest things from being easy for her. She was put in a situation that none of us could possibly imagine, and she acted according to her moral and rational instincts with the best interests of the whole in mind.Paternalism has been subordinated to the principle of self-determination within the medical community over the past century however, without consistent protocols and enough resources during disaster situations, the principle of paternalism justifies the act of preemptively ending four low- quality lives in the interest of allocating limited resources to the rest of the tenets that had more life left to live and were more likely to survive the ordeal.Leadership in this situation carries with it the burden of choosing who will live and who will die, which is not an easy thing for anyone to do. Dry. Pour in the abs ence of outside support and guidance, took it upon herself to make that decision so that nobody else had to. Informed Consent This section is dedicated to defining the ethical principle of sure consent, and discussing why Dry. Pop failed to adhere to this principle when she admit sisters morphine to those four DNA patients on the seventh floor of MAC.The right to informed consent was included in the right to bodily integrity and patient consent by the federal court system in 1 972, with the reasoning that without informed consent, no meaningful and intelligent consent can be given. By only telling those patients that she was treating their pain, she actively forgotten the law. Limiting the scope to just those four people, Dry. Pop was most certainly in the wrong. She knew she was breaking the law, as evidenced by her vocal assumption of total responsibility.Though she was aware of the implications of such actions, her disregard was fueled y her ethical responsibility to ensure the care of the remaining patients in involve of treatment. When one expands the scope to include every person present that day, it becomes apparent that her failure to adhere to the law of informed consent was an act of civil disobedience. Due to the context of the situation, she was forced to break the law in order to provide the most care for the most number of people.Disasters happen, people die, and tough decisions must be made this is precisely what happened with Dry. Pop and the patients Of MAC in the wake of Hurricane Strain. Discussion In discussing the situation that Dry. Pop and the patients at MAC were face in the aftermath of Hurricane Strain, various issues are brought to light. First off, the situation was an rare one, and as such, left those in leaders positions with the task of forming the best possible course of action under disastrous circumstances.This in itself points to the need for consistent protocols and better training for disaster preparedness. Another issue illuminated by Dry. Pops decision is the failure of all levels of government to ensure the livelihoods of people in poverty with no way to evacuate during incidents of natural disasters. Finally, by analyzing the various ethical principles at odds with each other, we can understand that certain situations force actors to promote certain ethical principles above the rest.Further, we can see how people view the concept of death and end-of- life care in a variety of ways, which reserves us to understand how the administration of lethal doses of morphine to four unwitting patients, for the good of the whole, was interpreted by some as murderous, yet by others as heroic. Upon reading the provided literature, I have come to the conclusion that Dry. Pops actions are justified by the context in which they were made. In cases of disaster and mass-casualty, reality becomes temporarily altered and endurance of the group takes precedence over the survival of individuals.Surely Dry. Pop would not have decided to end those four lives if she did not believe that it would benefit the rest of the patients, as well as reduce the amount of suffering that the DNA patients would ultimately endure. Had their provider risked his life like Pop to care for the seventh floor, or had better training and protocols been in place, or had the government been more prepared and deadly available to provide shelter and care for the poverty-stricken population of New Orleans, those four patients may have survived the disaster.To place the blame of this unfortunate incident on the shoulders of a single individual is to disregard the failures of government and the medical community at large that rendered the hospital incapable of ensuring everyones survival in the wake of Hurricane Strain. The controversy that arose should serve as a catalyst for increased preparedness and more consistent ethical and procedural guidelines in cases of natural disaster and mass-casualty. Moreover, it should not b e used as a way to seek justice for those four lives by biblically indicting Dry.Pop and her nurses. They did what they thought was best in an unprecedented situation, and were able to minimize the suffering endured while maximizing the overall benefit for the remaining patients. summary and Recommendations The administration of lethal doses of morphine by Dry. Pop to those four patients in the aftermath of Hurricane Strain was an unfortunate endpoint of a disastrous situation. With little or no precedence to provide guidance to those in charge of the hospital, Dry. Pop was forced to make a controversial decision.Ultimately, she was able to reduce suffering and increase overall benefit for those seeking care. Unfortunately, it came at the cost of ending four lives. As appalling as this was for their families, the patients themselves were able to drift peacefully into eternity and escape the imminent suffering and difficulties of end-of-life existence that they would have themes bee n forced to endure. Understanding that they would die soon anyways, we can assume that those four people had come to terms with death.Instead of allowing them to fight the infallible while deteriorating and suffering further, he morphine that coursed through their veins in the final moments of life acted as an backer of Death, liberating them from the imminent suffering caused by the blatant disregard of their doctor. It is impossible to tell whether or not this peaceful death was preferable to the alternative, but one can at least understand how Pop snarl upon deciding to take this course of action.Given the circumstances, she and her nurses did what was best for everyone, even if it did mean emotional suffering for the families of those four patients who were involuntarily euthanized. No one person can be blamed for what happened that day. It comes down to a failure of leadership and lack of foresight by the medical community and government alike. Though I believe Dry. Pops act ions were aline with the best interests of all involved parties, there are recommendations I would make to ensure controversial situations like this do not happen in the future. For one, Dry.Pop could have tried to obtain informed consent from the patients and their families originally administering palliative care. This could have saved her from legal implications, but it may have also forced her to allow the deteriorating patients to consume the limited resources as they anointed to approach death. The other recommendation I would make is that the leaders should have asked for volunteers to stay behind and allow the DNA patients to be transported elsewhere. Surely there would have been four people willing to give up their spots for the survival of those four DNA patients from the seventh floor.Introduce the story behind the book and the decision making behind the evacuation process that led to such controversy after the rescue. The patients at Memorial Medical Center (MAC) were not given much choice in their fate, remote the individuals that make the choice to die with dignity ND take their life into their own hands. Of the individuals whos deaths were hastened through lethal injection at MAC, someone in their life, whether it be they or their family members, had made a decision for them to have a do not resuscitate (DNA) order on their chart.Although a DNA order was in effect, the decision for dying with dignity had not officially been made by these individuals. They did not choose to end their own life and take their fate into their own hands. The decision was made for them. The physicians, who were in charge of the care of each individual that underwent lethal injection, took n oath to do no harm. The decisions they were faced with in the circumstances that followed hurricane Strain were by no means easy ones.On one hand, harm was caused by lethally injecting the patients on the other hand leaving these dependent individuals to fend for themselves in t he aftermath of a catastrophe would have caused, very potential, pain and suffering. One might say ethical euthanasia took place in these cases others will disagree. unaccompanied those who faced the storm head on will ever truly know the full power of the decisions that were made. Review of Literature paternalism Paternalism.. Theories are b Define and discuss the use of paternalism in the decision making process at the end of the evacuation process.Informed Consent Define and discuss the lack of informed consent as the DNA patients were given morphine to hasten their impeding deaths Discussion Detailed discussion meet the events leading up to the decision to use morphine and other sedatives to hasten the deaths of the DNA patients that were not termination to be evacuated and instead be left behind to die a potentially horrendous death. Summary and Recommendations Summary and Recommendation Should have used informed consent with all cases where the patient and/or Emily members were available to discuss.

Developing and Maintaining Skills for Everyday Life

As a carer your aim is not to do things for the individualistics you care for but to do things with them. Your role is to wreak in league with the individual and support their decisions, regarding their care and support them to do as much as possible for themselves. If you rear in addition much care for an individual they can lose skills, not learn new skills and do not regain skills they squander lost. By providing active support and encouraging the individual to break officipate in their casual living needs you are religious serviceing them to develop and maintain their skills for everyday life.Individuals may have an valuation to prize their physical skills. This may be carried out by an occupational therapist who give assess how well an individual can function in daily life and participate in their environment. The OT will assess what equipment and adaptations are appropriate which might assist an individual to remain as individual as possible. Occupational therapy h as been shown to be successful for the elderly population with many medical conditions and surgical recoveries.Therapists work with individuals to meliorate their strength and regain or maintain necessary life skills. Occupational therapists working with the gerontological corporation counsel families, groups in the community and topical anesthetic governments, to make sure that each sector is doing its part to help the elderly to maintain their independence. Occupational therapy also helps geriatric clients and patients with other activities to assist in change magnitude the opening of affectionate isolation and its unpleasant side effects.They do this by helping elderly clients and patients quell social activities they know and encouraging them to get involved in new ones as well as video display these folks ways to continue to learn in spite their limitations. Occupational therapy also promotes instinct stimulate activities. These mental gymnastics give the seniors feeli ngs of self-worth and may help them avoid getting dementia. Encouraging individuals to join forces local clubs and activities can also help them to maintain and develop their skills.Developing and Maintaining Skills for Everyday LifeAs a carer your role is not to do things for the individuals you care for but to do things with them. Your role is to work in partnership with the individual and support their decisions, regarding their care and support them to do as much as possible for themselves. If you provide too much care for an individual they can lose skills, not learn new skills and do not regain skills they have lost. By providing active support and encouraging the individual to participate in their daily living needs you are helping them to develop and maintain their skills for everyday life.Individuals may have an evaluation to assess their physical skills. This may be carried out by an occupational therapist who will assess how well an individual can function in daily life and participate in their environment. The OT will assess what equipment and adaptations are appropriate which might assist an individual to remain as independent as possible. Occupational therapy has been shown to be successful for the elderly population with many medical conditions and surgical recoveries.Therapists work with individuals to improve their strength and regain or maintain necessary life skills. Occupational therapists working with the geriatric community counsel families, groups in the community and local governments, to make sure that each sector is doing its part to help the elderly to maintain their independence. Occupational therapy also helps geriatric clients and patients with other activities to assist in diminishing the possibility of social isolation and its unpleasant side effects.They do this by helping elderly clients and patients continue social activities they know and encouraging them to get involved in new ones as well as showing these folks ways to co ntinue to learn in spite their limitations. Occupational therapy also promotes mind stimulating activities. These mental gymnastics give the seniors feelings of self-worth and may help them avoid getting dementia. Encouraging individuals to join local clubs and activities can also help them to maintain and develop their skills.

Crime Reporting and Rates Response Essay

What is the purpose of the study crime reporting programs? What makes a successful crime reporting program in the U.S.? The purpose of major(ip) crime reporting programs is to keep track to see if crime is decreasing or increasing in the heterogeneous communities. Also to keep track of the heaviest crime stricken areas to determine if law of nature patrol needs to be increased. Also to keep track of which crime is being committed the most in the various communities as well. The most successful crime reporting program in the U.S. is the UCR (Uniform Crime Report) it includes both crimes report local law enforcement departments and the number of arrest made by the police agencies. It also compiles records from more than 17,000 police departments serving a majority of the U.S. population.The UCR also collects data on the number and characteristics (age, race, and gender) of individuals who have been arrested for committing a crime. How do crime marks relate to arrest rates and c learance rates? Is there a focussing to improve the correlation between crime rates arrest rates and clearance rates in the effort to combat criminal activity? Crime rates relate to arrest rates by the UCR and the NIBRS (The National Incident Base Reporting System. The higher the crime rate the higher the arrest rate is. Greater population areas tend to have higher crime rates, although clearance rates are for the most part uniform across the nation. To combat criminal activity the police departments can utilize the UCR to most in effect deploy their officers to areas where they are most needed. Clearance rates are the percentage of crimes that have been closed by arrest.

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Essay

Procedure Until recently it was not un commonplace for patients admitted to an acute burster installing to feel an indispensable catheter anchored for supererogatory reasons. Patients that came in thru the emergency department typically were sent to the units with unnecessary congenital catheters in place and it was not unusual for a surgery patient to have an indwelling catheter anchored before or during a procedure. Once a patient was admitted and was transported to the units treat would also anchor indwelling catheters for multiple unnecessary reasons.These Catheters could be anchored for many unnecessary days and in some cases until discharge. In 2008 the Centers for Medic ar and Medicaid run (CMS) initiated a policy counter mixed bag to no longer reimburse hospitals for additional cost that were incurred imputable to catheter associated urinary pamphlet transmissions or in another term CAUTIs (Palmer, 2013). The CMS recognized that CAUTIs are the most common type of hospital acquired infection. The CMS also determined that when separate based practices are initiated and embraceed they can be highly preventable, threeing to a change in practice.Current PracticeUp until 2012 there were no policies pertaining to the anchoring or removal of indwelling catheters in the facility I make for. Nursing would complete their assessment of the patients and per their ingenuity they would determine if an indwelling catheter by their standards is appropriate. An indwelling catheter could be deemed appropriate according to breast feeding for multiple reasons including urinary incontinence, retention, convenience, rack ulcers, strict output recordings and in some cases per patient request. The nurse was required to obtain an club from the physician in order to anchor a catheter and most cases the physician would comply. aft(prenominal) the nurse anchored a catheter it would most likely stay anchored until discharge or until and order was given by the phy sician to abdicate it.These procedures lead to the unnecessary length of dates catheters were kept in place and the need for change.Rational and historyEven though in 2008 Medicare and Medicaid changed their reimbursement policies it wasnt unit 2012 when the Joint Commission added guidelines for the prevention of CAUTIs and the facility I work for initiated change. Prior to the Joint Commissions new guidelines management relied on breast feeding to make the proper decisions for their patients and rewarded nursing when they deemed it necessary to anchor a catheter. In 2012 when the guidelines were initiated management chose to follow them when picture based seek supported CAUTIs were preventable when the appropriate protocols were followed. Hospital management initiated evidence based practices that were supported by CMS and the Joint Commission that would assist nursing on when anchoring a catheter was necessary.The police squad responsible for these changes included the clin ical manager in charge of all medical surgical units, apiece medical surgical unit manager where these changes were to bear place and the medical surgical educator. This team reviewed evidence based research and practices on how to improve CAUTIs and thru this research came up with a plan to consume nurse driven protocols that would be beneficial to our facility. These protocols instructed nursing, thru protocols on the patients EMR to guide nursing when anchoring a catheter would be appropriated and it also gave nursing the ability to remove a catheter when it was deemed unnecessary. After the protocols were initiated management began to notice a reduction in the use of catheters and a decrease in CAUTIs resulting in cost enduringness and higher patient satisfaction scores for the hospital.ReferencesBernard, Michael S, Hunter, Kathleen F, Moore, Katherine N. (2012). A Review of Strategies to simplification the Duration of Indwelling urethral Catheters and Potentially Reduce th e Incidenceof Catheter-Associated Urinary pathway Infections. Urologic Nursing, 32 (1) 29-37.Carter, Nina M, Reitmeier, Laura, Goodloe, Lauren R. (2014). An Evidence-Based orgasm To the Prevention of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection. Urologic Nursing, 34 (5)238-45.Hooton, T., Bradley, S., Cardenas, D., Colgan, R., Geerlings, S., Rice, J., Nicolle, L. (2010). Diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of catheter-associated urinary track infection in adults 2009 international clinical practice guidelinges from the infectious diseases society of America. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 50(March) 625-663. Knoll, Bettina M. W even off, Deborah Ellingson, LeAnn Kraemer, Linda Patire, Ronald Kuskowski, Michael A. Johnson, James R. (2011). diminution of Inappropriate UrinaryCatheter Use at a Veterans Affairs Hospital Through a mixed Quality Improvement Project. Clinical Infectious Diseases. Vol. 52 Issue 11, 1283-1290. DOI 10.1093/cid/cir188.Mori, C. (2014). A-Voiding Catastrophe Im plementing a Nurse-Driven Protocol. MedSurg Nursing. 23 (1), 15-28.Clinical ImplicationsAn employ change that would reduce the order of CAUTIs in acute health care facilities would be evidence based nurse lead protocols. The protocols would not only emolument the hospitals but they would also contribute to patient satisfaction scores. Approximately 80% of all nosocomial infections are contributed to CAUTIs and are the most common form of nosocomial infections (Knoll, 2011). some(prenominal) of the symptoms that contribute to the patients discomfort include hematuria, flank pain, fever and in some cases altered mental status. After a patient develops a CAUTI the patient receives the pressed treatment of antibiotic therapy.Antibiotic therapy could last up to 7 days which could result in an increase of stay (Hooton et al., 2010). Evidence supports that when nurse led or information processing led interventions are apply CAUTIs were decreased (Bernard, 2012). The interventions tha t assist in the prevention ofCAUTIs are protocol bundles that include insertion policies, removal policies, maintenance policies and competency training (Carter, 2014). If the proper prevention measures are implemented patient satisfaction scores would improve, infection rates would improve leading to a decrease infection rate and shortening patients length of stay.Recommended ChangesIf the prevention protocols that are listed above were implemented changes would occur that would lead to multiple benefits for both the acute care facilities and the patients. Extended hospital days due to CAUTIs has added to approximately 90,000 days per year and due to Medicaid and Medicare no longer paying the associated cost for CAUTIs the hospitals out of pocket expenses are estimated at approximately 424 million dollars per year (Mori, 2014). The changes that are discussed and supported in this research paper would have a positive impact on decreasing this data. If the protocols are implemented n ot only would they benefit the patients but they would also benefit the hospitals. Patients would have a decrease risk in acquiring nosocomial infections and hospitals would have the opportunity to use the millions they are losing to benefit the patients. The hospitals could apply the money they are losing for research and/or other areas to improve overall satisfaction, increasing hospital census.StakeholdersThe stakeholders in implementing this change at the facility I work for would be the unit managers and the nurse educators in the units where these changes would take place. For the unit managers the increased costs that are acquired due to CAUTIs would have a pass impact on them along with the patients overall satisfaction scores. The evidence based research that would be implemented would be presented to the unit managers and the nurse educators. The unit mangers would be the ones to determine if and when the new protocols would take effect. The nurse educators would be the o nes educating staff on the new protocols and would be a vital part of evaluating the protocols along with suggesting and implementing changes if necessary. Change would happen in shows with the first stage beingness the unfreezing stage.This stage occurs when stakeholders receive the information on a change along with supporting evidence to why the change would be beneficial. The second meter would be the moving stage. This is the stage when goalsand dates are set to when the change is to take place. The refreezing stage is the last stage. The refreezing stage is when the change is implemented and becomes hospital protocol. The end stage is when the nursing staff would need the most support until the change becomes the hospitals new standard (Cherry & Jacob, 2010). The steps listed will assist getting everyone on board with the change and complying with it.BarriersAnytime when new protocols or procedures are implemented barriers may occur. Not everyone is open to change and many may have a hard time adjusting. Many nurses have been following the same policies and procedures for many historic period and may be noncompliant due to habit. Another barrier may be the patients, frequent fliers or patients that frequent the hospital regularly have become accustomed to old protocols and may not be receptive to change. The frequent fliers are used to coming in and requesting catheters so they dont have to get up to the bathroom or if they have incontinency issues. Management and the educators will have to work diligently with nursing to initiate change and nursing may have a difficult time adjusting to the change along with educating patients and enforcing the protocols.StrategiesStrategies to overcome the barriers of change would include using Lewins Change Theory. This theory suggests that change should be initiated slowly and making the necessary changes with only the staff that would be involved (Cherry & Jacob, 2010). Management and the nursing educator shoul d provide staff with the evidence based research as to why the change is being made so nursing can understand why the change is necessary. By following these strategies nursing may be more compliant with the change and can be better advocates for the patients.Application of FindingsCDC guidelines recommend catheters to be inserted for necessary reasons which include urinary retention, strict intake and output, certain surgical procedures, healing for pressure ulcers in incontinent patients and in palliative care patients (Gray, 2010). As research has provided indwelling catheters should be hardened only when deemed necessary and removed when they are unnecessary. The facility I work for along with quality maneuverand the nursing educator put together CAUTI prevention strategies using evidence based research practices.Protocols were initiated in the patients electronic medical record (EMR) that would assist nursing in making the right decision whether to cath or not and when it wou ld be appropriate to remove an indwelling catheter. The charge nurses monitor the chassis of catheters each unit has and researches if they are deemed appropriate to keep anchored. All of these measures have decreased the occurrences of CAUTIs in the facility I work for. Continued monitoring by quality control is still mandatory to insure assessments are completed properly and to monitor if the measure the protocols are working.ReferencesBernard, Michael S, Hunter, Kathleen F, Moore, Katherine N. (2012). A Review of Strategies toDecrease the Duration of Indwelling Urethral Catheters and Potentially Reduce the Incidenceof Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections. Urologic Nursing, 32 (1) 29-37.Carter, Nina M, Reitmeier, Laura, Goodloe, Lauren R. (2014). An Evidence-Based Approach To the Prevention of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection. Urologic Nursing, 34 (5)238-45.Cherry, B., & Jacob, S. (2010). Contemporary Nursing Issues, Trends, and Management. (5th ed.) St. Louis, MO Mosby Elsevier.Gray, M. (2010). Reducing catheter associated urinary tract infection in the critical care unit. AACN Advanced Critical Care, 20(3), 247-257.Hooton, T., Bradley, S., Cardenas, D., Colgan, R., Geerlings, S., Rice, J., Nicolle, L. (2010). Diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of catheter-associated urinary track infection in adults 2009 international clinical practice guidelinges from the infectious diseases society of America. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 50(March) 625-663. Knoll, Bettina M. Wright, Deborah Ellingson, LeAnn Kraemer, Linda Patire, Ronald Kuskowski, Michael A. Johnson, James R.(2011). Reduction of Inappropriate UrinaryCatheter Use at a Veterans Affairs Hospital Through a Multifaceted Quality Improvement Project. Clinical Infectious Diseases. Vol. 52 Issue 11, 1283-1290. DOI 10.1093/cid/cir188.Mori, C. (2014). A-Voiding Catastrophe Implementing a Nurse-Driven Protocol. MedSurg Nursing. 23 (1), 15-28.