Strategic Brand Marketing for Customer- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theStrategic Brand Marketing for Customer Requirements. Answer: Hello Kitty Product Range and its consistency in meeting customer requirements: The most famous kitten of the world is Hello Kitty who is actually a little girl from London. Kitty White known to the world as global kitty can be regarded as a global phenomenon, an iconic brand and an obsession. It is the centre piece of one of the most successful marketing models of the past century. It has been stated that the range of products which has been sold by hello kitty have also given rise to the growth of girl culture. This culture then amalgamated with the concept of cuteness in the Japanese culture. It has been stated that probably hello kitty comes second in the globally most recognized cat. However, Hello Kitty leaves behind its competitors due to the sheer range of products it has appeared on including aircrafts, maternity hospitals and high end jewellery and even day to day mundane items like that of T-shirts and lunchboxes (Belson and Bremner 2004). Licensing continues to play a huge part in the global popularity of the Hello Kitty products. The publicity of the brand has been mostly word of mouth and also via celebrity endorsements. It has been reported that putting a Hello Kitty logo on a product increases the potential of revenue by 30%. The range of hello kitty products has successfully catered to its target audiences and market which is evident from the word-of-mouth publicity and the success it has garnered. All in all, Hello Kitty, is synonymous of brand success and global competence (Kovarovic 2011). References and Bibliography: Belson, K. and Bremner, B., 2004.Hello Kitty: The remarkable story of Sanrio and the billion dollar feline phenomenon. John Wiley Sons Inc. Hosany, S., Prayag, G., Martin, D. and Lee, W.Y., 2013. Theory and strategies of anthropomorphic brand characters from Peter Rabbit, Mickey Mouse, and Ronald McDonald, to Hello Kitty.Journal of Marketing Management,29(1-2), pp.48-68. Kovarovic, S., 2011. Hello Kitty: A brand made of cuteness.Journal of Culture and Retail Image,4(1), pp.1-8. Yuen, C.P.Y.S.X. and Man, S., A Framework of Core Competencies of Convenience Store: a Case study in Hong Kong.

Why We Cant Resist It free essay sample

They also act as a preservative to extend shelf life. The sugar that reached the west was consumed only by the nobility, so rare it was classified as a spice. If you worked at the sugar mill and got your finger stuck in the millstone, they cut off your hand. If you tried to run, they cut off your leg. Today the average American consumes 77 pounds of added sugar annually, more than 22 teaspoons of added sugar a day. In 1900 5% of people had high blood pressure, and now one-third have high blood pressure. 153 million people had diabetes in 1980, today 347 million people do. We crave sugar because an injection of sugar into the bloodstream stimulates the same pleasure center in the brain as heroin or cocaine. Sugar is a poison itself if consumed at high doses. Article #2 â€Å"Sweet poison: why is sugar ruining our health? † www. telegraph. co. uk/foodanddrink 01/14 Author: Victoria Lambert Not all calories are equal, because not all monosaccharides-(the simplest forms of sugar, the building blocks of carbohydrates)- are equal. We will write a custom essay sample on Why We Cant Resist It or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When people ate 150 calories more every day, the rate of diabetes went up 0. 1%. But if those 150 calories came from a can of fizzy drink, the rate went up 1. Added sugar is 11 times more potent at causing diabetes than general calories. Look online and youll see fructose described as â€Å"fruit sugar† -its the nutrient that nature put into apples pears to entice humans(and birds) to eat it- Some agave nectars, for example, can be 92% fructose, 8% glucose. Were consuming fewer calories from â€Å"free sugars† such as table sugar, honey and sugars found naturally in fruit juices than in previous years. Currently 26% of britons are obese, half of americans are overweight. Sugar systematically destroys a lot of our organs without symptoms until its too late. First the liver, then the pancreas, then the kidneys, and ultimately the heart. Sugar is not bad for you as part of a balanced diet. It has an important role in providing flavor and texture to food. Sugary drinks make it harder for us to regulate the overall amount of calories ethan and a regular intake may be a factor contributing to obesity in children. Article #1 Summary: If sugar is that bad for you then why do we crave it? Because it stimulates the same pleasure center in the brain as heroin or cocaine. My question is, why is the sugar in fizzy drinks worse than in fruit. Answer: Because fizzy drinks are processed and they added more fructose then whats in fruit. Discussion: I liked the first article because it showed how bad sugar really is and it gave you things to contrast like (153 million people had diabetes in 1980, today 347 million people do. ) and (In 1900 5% of people had high blood pressure, and now one-third have high blood pressure. ) It made me want to look into the topic more in depth and research all of the different types of sugar and what are some good sugars compared to bad sugars. Article #2 Summary: If fructose is â€Å"nature made† why is it so bad for you? Answer: because sugar is sugar. In small doses such as fruit its not as bad for you as a can of soda would be. Since were consuming â€Å"less calories† from free sugar, does that mean we are eating less of the free sugars and more of the bad ones? Discussion: I like this article because it really made me think about everything it was saying. An example would be â€Å"Were consuming fewer calories from â€Å"free sugars† such as table sugar, honey and sugars found naturally in fruit juices than in previous years. † This article definitely made me want to expand upon the subject.

Add. Maths Project Essay Example

Add. Maths Project Essay Example Add. Maths Project Essay Add. Maths Project Essay ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS PROJECT WORK 2011 GROUP MEMBERS: CONTENT PAGE |No. |Content |Page(s) | |1. |Introduction | | |2. |Definition | | |3. |History | | |4. |Part I | | |5. Part II | | |6. |Part III | | |7. |Further Exploration | | |8. |Reflection | | INTRODUCTION We students taking Additional Mathematics are required to carry out a project work while we are in Form Five. This year the Curriculum Development Division Ministry of Education has prepared four tasks for us. We are to choose and complete only ONE task based on our area of interest. This project can be done in groups or individually, but each of us are expected to submit an individually written report. I think the additional mathematics project work is a very good opportunity for us to test and enhance our thinking skills. We are given 6 weeks time frame to complete the assignment and I believe I have the luxury of time to think, think and think over the solutions to those questions. And the point of all of this is to learn new things and explore new horizons in mathematical fields. On this project I am working on, I hope to be able to make generalization about the volume and the weight of a cake for the occasion of Teachers Day celebration. Through the use of various mathematical methods like calculus, trial-and-improve method and graph, I am certainly and fairly to be able to achhieve my goal. I would like to point out that by using correct and suitable mathematical method and calculation, I sincerely wish that my project will be able to be implemented and achieve the desired results. Definition Pi, ? has the value of 3. 14159265. In Euclidean plane geometry, ? is defined as the ratio of a circles circumference to its diameter. [pic] ? =[pic] The ratio [pic] is constant, regardless of a circles size. For example, if a circle has twice the diameter of another circle it will also have twice the circumference, C, preserving the ratio [pic]. Alternatively ? can also be defined as the ratio of a circles area (A) to the area of a square whose side is equal to the radius. [pic] ? =[pic] A BRIEF HISTORY AND FACTS ABOUT CAKES Cake is a form of food, typically a sweet, baked dessert. Cakes normally contain a combination of flour, sugar, eggs, and butter or oil, with some varieties also requiring liquid (typically milk or water) and leavening agents (such as yeast or baking powder). Flavorful ingredients like fruit purees, nuts or extracts are often added, and numerous substitutions for the primary ingredients are possible. Cakes are often filled with fruit preserves or dessert sauces (like pastry cream), iced with buttercream or other icings, and decorated with marzipan, piped borders or candied fruit. Cake is often the dessert of choice for meals at ceremonial occasions, particularly weddings, anniversaries, and birthdays. There are countless cake recipes; some are bread-like, some rich and elaborate and many are centuries old. Cake making is no longer a complicated procedure; while at one time considerable labor went into cake making (particularly the whisking of egg foams), baking equipment and directions have been simplified that even the most amateur cook may bake a cake. Cakes are broadly divided into several categories, based primarily on ingredients and cooking techniques. Yeast cakes are the oldest, and are very similar to yeast breads. Such cakes are often very traditional in form, and include such pastries as babka and stollen. Cheesecakes, despite their name, arent really cakes at all. Cheesecakes are in fact custard pies, with a filling made mostly of some form of cheese (often cream cheese, mascarpone, ricotta or the like), and have very little to no flour added, alt hough a flour-based crust may be used. Cheesecakes are also very old, with evidence of honey-sweetened cakes dating back to ancient Greece. Sponge cakes are thought to be the first of the non-yeast-based cakes and rely primarily on trapped air in a protein matrix (generally of beaten eggs) to provide leavening, sometimes with a bit of baking powder or other chemical leaven added as insurance. Such cakes include the Italian/Jewish pan di Spagna and the French Genoise. Highly decorated sponge cakes with lavish toppings are sometimes called gateau; the French word for cake. Butter cakes, including the pound cake and devils food cake, rely on the combination of butter, eggs, and sometimes baking powder to provide both lift and a moist texture. Type of cakes commonly found in Malaysia |Birthday cake |Span cake |Banana cake |Butter cake | |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |Lemon cake |Pound cake |Short cake |Orange cake | |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |Spice cake Carrot cake |Fish cake |Pancakes | |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |Sponge cake |Cheese cake |Layer cake |Cup cake | |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | Cakes come in a variety of forms and flavours and are among favourite desserts served during special occasions such as birthday parties, Hari Raya, weddings, birthday, celebration and etc. Cakes use mostly some form of cheese which is often cream cheese, or ricotta, and have very little to no flour component, although it sometimes appears in the form of a sweetened crust. he purpose behind cake decorating is to turn an ordinary cake into a spectacular piece of food art. Decorating a cake can be as complex or as simple as you wish. Cakes are treasured not only because of their wonderful taste but also in the art of cake baking and cake decorating. Sponge cake is a cake based on flour (usually wheat flour), sugar, and eggs, sometimes leavened with baking powder, that derives its structure from an egg foam into which the other ingredients are folded. In addition to being eaten on its own, it lends itself to incorporation in a vast variety of recipes in which pre-made sponge cake serves as the base. The sponge cake is thought to be one of the first of the non-yeasted cakes. Part I Cakes come in a variety of forms and flavours and are among favourite desserts served during special occasions such as birthday parties, Hari Raya, weddings and etc. Cakes are treasured not only because of their wonderful taste but also in the art of cake baking and cake decorating. Find out how mathematics is used in cake baking and cake decorating and write about your findings. Answer: We can use the geometry method to determine suitable dimensions for the cake, to assist in designing and decorating cakes that comes in many attractive shapes and designs and to estimate volume of cake to be produced Other than that, calculus or specified as differentiation is used to determine minimum or maximum amount of ingredients for cake-baking and cream needed for decorating and to estimate the minimum or maximum size of cake produced. Besides that, progressions is used to determine total weight and the volume of multi-storey cakes with proportional dimensions, to estimate total ingredients needed for cake-baking and total amount of cream for decoration. Part II Best Bakery shop received an order from your school to bake a 5 kg of round cake as shown in Diagram 1 for the Teachers’ Day celebration. Diagram 11) 1. If a kilogram of cake has a volume of 3800, and the height of the cake is to be 7. 0cm, calculate the diameter of the baking tray to be used to fit the 5 kg cake ordered by your school. [Use ? = 3. 142] Answer: Volume of 5kg cake = Base area of cake x Height of cake 3800 x 5 = (3. 142)(r)? x 7 (3. 142) = r? 863. 872 = r? r = 29. 392 d = 2r = 2 x 29. 392 = 58. 784 cm 2) The c ake will be baked in an oven with inner dimensions of 80. 0 cm in length, 60. 0 cmin width and 45. 0 cm in height. ) If the volume of cake remains the same, explore by using different values of heights,h cm, and the corresponding values of diameters of the baking tray to be used,d cm. Tabulate your answers Answer: First, form the formula for  d  in terms of  h  by using the above formula for volume of cake, V = 19000, that is: 19000 = (3. 142)(r)? h 19000/3. 142h = d2/4 24188. 145/h= d2/4 d = 155. 53/ h |Height,h (cm) |Diameter,d(cm) | |1. |155. 53 | |2. 0 |109. 98 | |3. 0 |89. 80 | |4. 0 |77. 77 | |5. |68. 56 | |6. 0 |63. 49 | |7. 0 |58. 78 | |8. 0 |54. 99 | |9. |51. 84 | |10. 0 |49. 18 | (b) Based on the values in your table, (i) State the range of heights that is NOT suitable for the cakes and explain your answers. Answer: The range   h ; 7cm is not suitable to make the cake because the resulting diameter produced is too large to fit into the oven. Furthermore, the cake would be too short and too wide, making it less attractive and hardly to handle. (ii) Suggest the dimensions that you think most suitable for the cake. Give reasons for your answer. Answer: The cake with the dimension h=7cm and d=54. 99cm. It is because the cake is fit to put into the oven, and the size is easier to handle. (c) (i) Form an equation to represent the linear relation between h and d. Hence, plot a suitable graph based on the equation that you have formed. [You may draw your graph with the aid of computer software. ] Answer: 19000 = (3. 142)x r? h 19000/3. 142h= d2/4 24188. 145/h=d2/4 d=155. 53h-1/2 log10d=-1/2 log10h + log10155. 53 19000 / (3. 142)h = |Log10 h |0 |1 |2 |3 |4 | |Log10 d |2. 19 |1. 69 |1. 19 |0. 69 |0. 19 | (ii) (a) If Best Bakery received an order to bake a cake where the height of  the cake is 10. 5 cm, use your graph to determine the diameter of  the round cake pan required. Answer: h = 10. 5cm, log h = 1. 21, log d = 1. 680,à ‚  d = 47. 86cm (b) If Best Bakery used a 42 cm diameter round cake tray, use your graph to estimate the height of the cake obtained. Answer: d = 42cm, log d = 1. 623, log h = 1. 140,  h = 13. 80cm 3) Best Bakery has been requested to decorate the cake with fresh cream. The thickness of the cream is normally set to a uniform layer of about 1cm (a) Estimate the amount of fresh cream required to decorate the cake using the dimensions that you have suggested in 2(b)(ii). Answer: h = 8cm, d = 54. 99cm Volume of cake before decoration = (3. 142) x (54. 99/2)2 x 8 = 19002. 18 cm3 New volume of cake after decoration = (3. 142) x (54. 99/2 +1)2 x 9 = 3. 142 x 28. 4922 x9 = 22960. 75 Therefore, amount of fresh cream= 22960. 75 – 19002. 18 = 3958. 57 cm3 (b) Suggest three other shapes for cake, that will have the same height and volume as those suggested in 2(b)(ii). Estimate the amount of fresh cream to be used on each of the cakes. Answer: Rectangle-shaped base (cuboid) 19002 = base area x height base area = 19002 / height length x width = 2375. 25 By trial and improvement,  2375. 25 = 50 x 47. 505 (length = 50, width = 47. 505, height = 8) Therefore, the amount of cream needed 2(Area of left/right side surface)(Height of cream) + 2(Area of front/back side surface)(Height of cream) + Vol. of top surface = 2(8 x 50)(1) + 2(8 x 47. 505)(1) + 2375. 25 =  3935. 33 cm Pentagon-shaped base 19002 = base area x height base area = 2375. 25 = area of 5 similar isosceles triangles in a pentagon therefore: 2375. 25 = 5(length x width) 475. 05 = length x width By trial and improvement, 475. 05 = 25 x 19 (length = 25, width = 19) Therefore, the amount of cream needed = 5(area of one rectangular side surface)(height of cream) + vol. of top surface = 5(8 x 19) + 2375. 25 =  3135. 5 cm? Square-based shape 19002 = side2 x height Side2 =2375. 25 Side = 48. 74 (width=48. 74cm, length=48. 74cm, height=8cm) Therefore, the amount of cream needed = vol of top surface + 4(area of one rectangular side surface)(height of cream) = 2375. 25 + (4 x 8 x 48. 75 x 1 ) = 3935. 25 cm3 (c) Based on the values that you have found which shape requires the least amount of fresh cream to be used? Answer: Pentagon-shaped cake, since it requires only 3135 cm? of cream to be used. Part III Find the dimension of a 5 kg round cake that requires the minimum amount of fresh cream to decorate. Use at least two different methods including Calculus. State whether you would choose to bake a cake of such dimensions. Give reasons for your answers. Answer: Method 1: Differentiation Use two equations for this method: the formula for volume of cake (as in Q2/a), and the formula for amount (volume) of cream to be used for the round cake (as in Q3/a). 19000 = (3. 142)r? h > (1) V = (3. 142)r? + 2(3. 142)rh > (2) From (1): h = > (3) Sub. (3) into (2): V = (3. 142)r? + 2(3. 142)r() V = (3. 142)r? + () V = (3. 142)r? + 38000r-1 () = 2(3. 142)r – () 0 = 2(3. 142)r – () minimum value, therefore = 0 2(3. 142)r = r? 6047. 104 = r? r = 18. 22 Sub. r = 18. 22 into (3): h = h = 18. 22 therefore,  h = 18. 22cm, d = 2r = 2(18. 22) = 36. 44cm Method 2: Quadratic Functions Use the two same equations as in Method 1, but only the formula for amount of cream is the main equation used as the quadratic function. Let f(r) = volume of cream, r = radius of round cake: 19000 = (3. 142)r? h > (1) f(r) = (3. 142)r? + 2(3. 142)hr > (2) From (2): f(r) = (3. 142)(r? + 2hr) factorize (3. 142) = (3. 142)[ (r + )? – ()? ] completing square, with a = (3. 142), b = 2h and c = 0 = (3. 42)[ (r + h)? – h? ] = (3. 142)(r + h)? – (3. 142)h? (a = (3. 142) (positive indicates min. value), min. value = f(r) = –(3. 142)h? , corresponding value of x = r = h) Sub. r = h into (1): 19000 = (3. 142)(h)? h h? = 6047. 104 h = 18. 22 Sub. h = 18. 22 into (1): 19000 = (3. 142)r? (18. 22) r? = 331. 894 r = 18. 22 therefore,  h = 18. 22 cm, d = 2r = 2(18. 22) = 36. 44 cm I would choose not to bake a cake with such dimensions because its dimensions are not suitable (the height is too high) and therefore less attractive. Furthermore, such cakes are difficult to handle. FURTHER EXPLORATION Best Bakery received an order to bake a multi-storey cake for Merdeka Day celebration, as shown in Diagram 2. [pic] The height of each cake is 6. 0 cm and the radius of the largest cake is 31. 0 cm. The radius of  the second cake is 10% less than the radius of the first cake, the radius of the third cake is10% less than the radius of the second cake and so on. (a) Find the volume of the first, the second, the third and the fourth cakes. By comparing all these values, determine whether the volumes of the cakes form a number pattern? Explain and elaborate on the number patterns. Answer: eight, h of each cake = 6cm radius of largest cake = 31cm radius of 2nd  cake = 10% smaller than 1st  cake =27. 9 radius of 3rd  cake = 10% smaller than 2nd  cake = 25. 11 Radius of 4th cake= 10% smaller than 3rd cake =25. 599 a = 31, r = V = (3. 142)r? h Radius of 1st  cake = 31, Volume of 1st  cake = (3. 142)(31)? (6) =  18116. 772 Radius of 2nd  cake = 27. 9, Volume of 2nd  cake =   14674. 585 Radius of 3rd  cake = 25. 11, Volume of 3rd  cake =  11886. 414 Radius of 4th  cake = 22. 599, Volume of 4th  cake =  9627. 995 The progression is as following: 18116. 772, 14674. 585, 11886. 414, 9627. 95, †¦ a = 18116. 772, common ratio, r = T2/T1  = T3  /T2  = †¦ = 0. 81 Thus, it is a geometric progression with the first term, a = 18116. 772 and the common ratio, r= 0. 81. (b)  If  the  total mass  of all  the  cakes  should not  exceed  15  kg,  calculate the  maximum number of cakes that the bakery needs to bake. Verify your answer using other methods. Answer: The volume of 1kg of cake = 3800 Thus, the volume of 15kg of cake = 3800 x 15 =57000 Sn ; 57000 a (1-rn) / 1-r ;57000 18116. 772 ( 1-0. 81n) / 1. 0. 81 ; 57000 18116. 772 (1-0. 81n) ; 10830 1-0. 81n ; 0. 5978 0. 81n ; 0. 4022 log100. 81 ; log10 0. 4022 n ; 4. 322 therefore,  n  =  4 REFLECTION In the making of this project, I have spent countless hou rs doing this project. I realized that this subject is a compulsory to me. Without it, I can’t fulfill my big dreams and wishes†¦. I used to hate Additional Mathematics†¦ It always makes me wonder why this subject is so difficult†¦ I always tried to love every part of it†¦ It always an absolute obstacle for me†¦ Throughout day and night†¦ I sacrificed my precious time to have fun†¦ From now on, I will do my best on every second that I will learn Additional Mathematics.

Tuesdays With Morrie Essays - Morrie Schwartz, Morrie, Free Essays

Tuesday's With Morrie Essays - Morrie Schwartz, Morrie, Free Essays Tuesday's With Morrie tuesdays with morre is a sad story. It is about a friendsip beetween a college professor and his student. When Mitch went to college at Brandeis University he had a college professor name Morrie Schwartz. Though the four years that Mitch went to college they became really good friends. Mitch asked Mr.Morrie if he could be his mentor. To Teach him all of the things life had to offer. After Mitch graduated from college they agreed to stay in touch. Mitch got a great job offer to be a sports columnist in Detroit, so he took it. Well time went by and they called each other every so often, but after awhile Mitch was much to busy with work that he lost touch with Mr. Morrie. He thought about him every once in awhile but never called or wrote him. One night when he was watching television he saw Mr. Morrie on nightline. That night he learned that Mr. Morrie had Lou Gehrig's disease. After Mitch heard about his illness he called him. Mr. Morrie was glad to hear from Mitch. He told him that he had a lot of things he wanted to discus with him before he died. It was a class and he was the only student. the class met on Tuesdays. It began after breakfast. The subject was the meaning of life. It was taught with experience. No grades were given, but there were oral exams each week. He was expected to respond to questions, and you were expected to pose questions of your own. No books were required, yet many topics were coverd, including love, work, community, family, aging, forgiveness, and, finally, death. The last lecture was brief, only a few words. a funeral was held in lieu of graduation. Although no final exam was given, you were expected to produce one long paper on what you learned. The last class of Mr.Morries class had only one student, which was Mitch.

2. The balance of international payments is a book-keeping tautology Essay

2. The balance of international payments is a book-keeping tautology which is essentially irrelevant to a market economy. Discuss - Essay Example Conversely, a more vital concept of the balance of payments equilibrium is the basic balance, which is based on the presence of autonomous items in BOP. The autonomous items include items that cannot be influenced easily by the Government and are determined by certain long-term factors. Basic balance regards autonomous, the long-term capital shifts both on Government or private account held in the capital account and excludes items in the current account balance of payments. Conversely, in the capital account short-term movements such as the use of special drawing rights, borrowing from Central Banks or IMF, change in foreign exchange reserves are of accommodating the nature and transitory. Therefore, they are excluded from equilibrium and the concept of basic balance (McConnell & Brue, 2013). An alternative to these accommodating items (compensatory items) has to be made to ensure equality of foreign exchange receipts and payments. A change in the compensatory elements is essential to offset the surplus or deficit in the autonomous items. Autonomous movements cancel out over some suitable period and therefore there lacks the need for compensatory changes and in such a case the balance of payments is said to be in equilibrium (McConnell & Brue,

The identification and analysis of the economic, political and social Essay

The identification and analysis of the economic, political and social issues facing the United States - Essay Example A combination of reduced market entry barriers for a multitude of different industries has increased competition in a country that is highly saturated with consumer product competition. Renewed reliance on foreign imports to sustain quality of life from emerging or developing countries such as China has, today, begun to impact supply and demand in the United States. In addition, with many foreign nations changing their fiscal policies to ensure economic stability during an ongoing international recessionary environment, currency valuation has become unpredictable, thus impacting profitability for companies that have made considerable profit producing products in countries where labour costs are low. Furthermore, political actors in the U.S. government continue to divest financial resources into the free market environment to assist large banking and lending facilities, as well as a variety of corporate industries, through bailouts and short-term tax extensions. All of these factors, and many more, have raised the consumer price index and increased inflation, thus diminishing real consumer incomes. This report identifies and analyses all of the economic, political and social issues facing the United States and offers recommendations for increasing economic growth in the country. The political and economic factors The United States is considered a federal, constitutional democracy. Weingast (1997) reinforces that stable democracies can only be sustained when values, principles and beliefs are shared by all citizens of the nation, a phenomenon referred to as civic culture. â€Å"If there is no consensus within a society, there is little potentiality for peaceful resolution of political differences† (Weingast 1997, p.248). According to Barrett (2011) there are a series of distinct constructs that must exist in order to be a stable and thriving democracy, including equality, accountability, fairness, transparency and trust. Why is this necessarily relevant to assessing the current condition of the United States? In 2008, President Barack Obama and the authorities of Congress committed billions of dollars to banking and lending facilities and a variety of corporate entities that were failing due to a surplus of economic problems stemming from the mortgage crisis, inflation, market speculators, and diminished consumer incomes that were negatively impacting revenue growth in a variety of industries servicing consumer products. Corporations, consumers and market investors alike have grown inter-dependent on governmental intervention and commitment of taxpayer capital to continue to bailout businesses and financial industries. Where it was once considered unmentionable for government to take such a critical and active role in the free market economy, today consumers and business leaders are placing considerable pressure on governmental actors to develop routine and synchronized financial rescues in order to guarantee short-term economic stab ility in the country. This change in social and political attitudes seems to have now created a somewhat unified set of cultural values related to government involvement in business, industry and investment that has changed the dynamics of the traditional constitutional de

Effect of Force Majeure or Act of God Essay Example for Free

Effect of Force Majeure or Act of God Essay If upon the happening of a fortuitous event or an act of God, there concurs a corresponding fraud, negligence, delay or violation or contravention in any manner of the tenor of the obligation as provided for in Article 1170 of the Civil Code, which results in loss or damage, the obligor cannot escape liability. It has been held that when the negligence of a person concurs with an act of God in producing a loss, such person is not exempt from liability by showing that the immediate cause of the damage was the act of God. To be exempt from liability for loss because of an act of God, he must be free from any previous negligence or misconduct by which that loss or damage may have been occasioned. Fortuitous Event an event which could not be foreseen, or which, though foreseen is inevitable. Essential Characteristics of a Fortuitous Event 1. Cause is independent on the will of the debtor;  2. Impossibility of foreseeing or impossibility of avoiding it to be foreseen even if foreseen; 3. Occurrence renders it impossible for debtor to fulfill his obligation in a normal manner; and 4. Debtor is free from any participation in the aggravation of the injury to the creditor. General Rule: No liability in case of fortuitous event Exceptions: 1. By contrary stipulation in the contract;  2. Declared by law e.g. Art 552(2), 1268, 1942, 2147, 2148, 2159 of the New Civil Code; 3. Nature of the obligation requires assumption of risk when expressly declared by law; 4. When the obligor is in default or has promised to deliver the same thing to 2 or more persons who do not have the same interests (Art. 1165 (3)) Art. 1174. Except in cases expressly specified by the law, or when it is otherwise declared by stipulation, or when the nature of the obligation requires the assumption of risk, no person shall be responsible for those events which could not be foreseen, or which, though foreseen, were inevitable. If the performance of this Agreement, or any obligations hereunder is prevented, restricted, or interfered with by reason of: fire, flood, earthquake, explosion or other casualty or accident or act of God; strikes or labor disputes; war or other violence; any law,  order proclamation, regulation, ordinance, demand or requirement of any governmental authority; or any other act or condition whatsoever beyond the reasonable control of the affected party, the party so affected, upon giving prompt notice to the other party, shall be excused from such performance to the extent of such prevention, restriction or interference; provided, however, that the party so affected shall take all reasonable steps to avoid or remove such cause of non performance and shall resume performance hereunder with dispatch whenever such causes are removed.